一、修改listener.ora , tnsnames.ora
###listener.ora###
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION =
? (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
? (CONNECT_DATA = (SERVICE_NAME = orcl))
)
#sid list列举cdb和所有pdb的数据库名，所有sid与oracle环境变量保持一致#
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
? (SID_DESC =
? ? (GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl) #cdb db_name
? ? (SID_NAME = orcl)
? )
? (SID_DESC =
? ? (GLOBAL_DBNAME = pdborcl) #pdb db_name
? ? (SID_NAME = orcl)
? )
)
###listener.ora###
##tnsnames.ora###
#cdb
orcl =
(DESCRIPTION =
? (ADDRESS_LIST =
? ? (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521)) )
? (CONNECT_DATA =
? ? (SERVICE_NAME = orcl) #cdb的db_name
? )
)
#pdb
pdborcl =
(DESCRIPTION =
? (ADDRESS_LIST =
? ? (ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
? )
? (CONNECT_DATA =
? ? (SERVICE_NAME = pdborcl) #pdb的db_name
? )
)
##tnsnames.ora###
在客户端连接时使用“service_name+domain_name”连接。如果出现ora-01017，很有可能是
二、创建pdb
cdb相当于操作系统，调用并管理各个pdb。pdb相当于真正提供业务需求的数据库实例。oracle 12c安装后只创建了cdb，需要自己生成相应的pdb。
1、创建pdb
在sqlplus下：
create pluggable database pdborcl
admin user pdbadmin identified by pdbadmin
role=(resource)
file_name_convert=( 'PDB$SEED's directory' , 'PDBOrcl's directory' );
2、同步文件
select pdb_name,status from cdb_pdbs
若pdb状态为need sync，则需要：
alter sesseion set container=pdborcl
shutdown immediate或者alter pluggable database pdborcl close immediate ;
alter pluggable database pdborcl open restricted ;
exec dbms_pdb.sync_pdb ; #调用dbms_pdb进行pdb
3、新增用户
create user scott account unlock identified by tiger ;
grant resource to scott ;
按照上述方法创建用户，如果出现ora-01017，很有可能是1、没有指定连接的service_name到具体pdb，或者oracle对密码大小写敏感。前者检查listener.ora中sid_list是否已经列出该pdb，并检查连接字符串是否在tnsnames.ora指定。后者如果无法修改前端程序，可以使用
alter system set SEC_CASE_SENSITIVE_LOGON = false ;
强制关闭oracle的大小写检查进行确认。
三、常用命令
show pdbs：查看当前数据库container中包含有多少个pdb。如果session在某个pdb中，可以查看当前的pdb。
alter session set container=PDBNAME
切换当前会话到某个pdb中。切换后才可使用当前pdb的私有用户进行操作
startup/shutdown immediate
关闭当前会话所在的cdb/pdb
alter pluggable database PDBNAME open ;
打开指定pdb
alter pluggable database PDBNAME close immediate ;
关闭指定pdb