BeautifulSoup用来解析HTML比较简单,API非常人性化,支持CSS选择器、Python标准库中的HTML解析器,也支持lxml的XML解析器。
其相较与正则而言,使用更加简单。
示例:
首先必须要导入bs4库
#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
__author__ = 'mayi'
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html = """
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>,
<a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2">Lacie</a> and
<a href="http://example.com/tillie" class="sister" id="link3">Tillie</a>;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.</p>
<p class="story">...</p>
"""
# 创建 Beautiful Soup 对象,指定lxml解析器
soup = BeautifulSoup(html, "lxml")
# 格式化输出 soup 对象的内容
print(soup.prettify())
运行结果
<html>
<head>
<title>
The Dormouse's story
</title>
</head>
<body>
<p class="title" name="dromouse">
<b>
The Dormouse's story
</b>
</p>
<p class="story">
Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1">
<!-- Elsie -->
</a>
,
<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/lacie" id="link2">
Lacie
</a>
and
<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/tillie" id="link3">
Tillie
</a>
;
and they lived at the bottom of a well.
</p>
<p class="story">
...
</p>
</body>
</html>
四大对象种类
BeautifulSoup将复杂的HTML文档转换成一个复杂的树形结构,每个节点都是Python对象,所有对象可以归纳为4种:
- Tag
- NavigableString
- BeautifulSoup
- Comment
1.Tag
Tag 通俗点讲就是HTML中的一个个标签,例如:
<head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<a class="sister" href="http://example.com/elsie" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>
<p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
上面title head a p 等等HTML标签加上里面包括的内容就是Tag,那么试着使用BeautifulSoup来获取Tags:
#!/usr/bin/python3
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
__author__ = 'mayi'
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
html = """
<html><head><title>The Dormouse's story</title></head>
<body>
<p class="title" name="dromouse"><b>The Dormouse's story</b></p>
<p class="story">Once upon a time there were three little sisters; and their names were
<a href="http://example.com/elsie" class="sister" id="link1"><!-- Elsie --></a>,
<a href="http://example.com/lacie" class="sister" id="link2&