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第一步：决定数据库实例的SID
数据库实例的SID用来将当前实例和以后可能创建的实例进行区分
% setenv ORACLE_SID mynewdb
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第二步：建立数据库管理员认证方法
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第三步：创建初始化参数文件
实例（由内存结构SAG和后台进程组成）启动过程中要读取初始化参数文件。得到初始化参数文件的一个好办法是修改一个已有的初始化参数文件。为了简化操作，将初始化参数文件放在Oracle默认的位置上，这样的话，当数据库启动时，就没有必要再指定pfile参数了，因为Oracle会自动寻找在默认位置的初始化参数文件。
Platform ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?Default Name ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?Default Location
UNIX ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?init$ORACLE_SID.ora ? ? ? ? ?$ORACLE_HOME/dbs
Windows ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ?init$ORACLE_SID.ora ? ? ? ? ?$ORACLE_HOME/database
如果一个数据库的名字是mynewdb，下面就是该数据库的初始化文件：
# Cache and I/O
DB_BLOCK_SIZE=4096
DB_CACHE_SIZE=20971520
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# Cursors and Library Cache
CURSOR_SHARING=SIMILAR
OPEN_CURSORS=300
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# Diagnostics and Statistics
BACKGROUND_DUMP_DEST=/vobs/oracle/admin/mynewdb/bdump
CORE_DUMP_DEST=/vobs/oracle/admin/mynewdb/cdump
TIMED_STATISTICS=TRUE
USER_DUMP_DEST=/vobs/oracle/admin/mynewdb/udump
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# Control File Configuration
CONTROL_FILES=("/vobs/oracle/oradata/mynewdb/control01.ctl",
"/vobs/oracle/oradata/mynewdb/control02.ctl",
"/vobs/oracle/oradata/mynewdb/control03.ctl")
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# Archive
LOG_ARCHIVE_DEST_1='LOCATION=/vobs/oracle/oradata/mynewdb/archive'
LOG_ARCHIVE_FORMAT=%t_%s.dbf
LOG_ARCHIVE_START=TRUE
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# Shared Server
# Uncomment and use first DISPATCHES parameter below when your listener is
# configured for SSL
# (listener.ora and sqlnet.ora)
# DISPATCHERS = "(PROTOCOL=TCPS)(SER=MODOSE)",
# "(PROTOCOL=TCPS)(PRE=oracle.aurora.server.SGiopServer)"
DISPATCHERS="(PROTOCOL=TCP)(SER=MODOSE)",
"(PROTOCOL=TCP)(PRE=oracle.aurora.server.SGiopServer)",
(PROTOCOL=TCP)
# Miscellaneous
COMPATIBLE=9.2.0
DB_NAME=mynewdb
# Distributed, Replication and Snapshot
DB_DOMAIN=us.oracle.com
REMOTE_LOGIN_PASSWORDFILE=EXCLUSIVE
# Network Registration
INSTANCE_NAME=mynewdb
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# Pools
JAVA_POOL_SIZE=31457280
LARGE_POOL_SIZE=1048576
SHARED_POOL_SIZE=52428800
# Processes and Sessions
PROCESSES=150
# Redo Log and Recovery
FAST_START_MTTR_TARGET=300
# Resource Manager
RESOURCE_MANAGER_PLAN=SYSTEM_PLAN
# Sort, Hash Joins, Bitmap Indexes
SORT_AREA_SIZE=524288
# Automatic Undo Management
UNDO_MANAGEMENT=AUTO
UNDO_TABLESPACE=undotbs
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第四步：连接到实例
$ SQLPLUS /nolog
CONNECT SYS/password AS SYSDBA
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第五步：启动实例
不mount数据库，仅仅启动实例。通常，只是在创建和维护数据库的时候才这样做。
STARTUP NOMOUNT
此时，数据库并不存在，只有SGA和后台进程被创建。
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第六步：调用create database语句
CREATE DATABASE mynewdb
USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY pz6r58
USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY y1tz5p
LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('/vobs/oracle/oradata/mynewdb/redo01.log') SIZE 100M,
GROUP 2 ('/vobs/oracle/oradata/mynewdb/redo02.log') SIZE 100M,
GROUP 3 ('/vobs/oracle/oradata/mynewdb/redo03.log') SIZE 100M
MAXLOGFILES 5
MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
MAXLOGHISTORY 1
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 1
CHARACTER SET US7ASCII
NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
DATAFILE '/vobs/oracle/oradata/mynewdb/system01.dbf' SIZE 325M REUSE
EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
DATAFILE '/vobs/oracle/oradata/mynewdb/temp01.dbf'
SIZE 20M REUSE
UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs
DATAFILE '/vobs/oracle/oradata/mynewdb/undotb