t city.province
... 触发的SQL:
SELECT `QSOptimize_person`.`id`, `QSOptimize_person`.`firstname`,
`QSOptimize_person`.`lastname`, `QSOptimize_person`.`hometown_id`, `QSOptimize_person`.`living_id`
FROM `QSOptimize_person`
WHERE `QSOptimize_person`.`firstname` LIKE '张' ;
SELECT (`QSOptimize_person_visitation`.`person_id`) AS `_prefetch_related_val`, `QSOptimize_city`.`id`,
`QSOptimize_city`.`name`, `QSOptimize_city`.`province_id` FROM `QSOptimize_city`
INNER JOIN `QSOptimize_person_visitation` ON (`QSOptimize_city`.`id` = `QSOptimize_person_visitation`.`city_id`)
WHERE `QSOptimize_person_visitation`.`person_id` IN (1, 4);
SELECT `QSOptimize_province`.`id`, `QSOptimize_province`.`name`
FROM `QSOptimize_province`
WHERE `QSOptimize_province`.`id` IN (1, 2);
获得的结果:
+----+-----------+----------+-------------+-----------+
| id | firstname | lastname | hometown_id | living_id |
+----+-----------+----------+-------------+-----------+
| 1 | 张 | 三 | 3 | 1 |
| 4 | 张 | 六 | 2 | 2 |
+----+-----------+----------+-------------+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
+-----------------------+----+-----------+-------------+
| _prefetch_related_val | id | name | province_id |
+-----------------------+----+-----------+-------------+
| 1 | 1 | 武汉市 | 1 |
| 1 | 2 | 广州市 | 2 |
| 4 | 2 | 广州市 | 2 |
| 1 | 3 | 十堰市 | 1 |
+-----------------------+----+-----------+-------------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)
+----+-----------+
| id | name |
+----+-----------+
| 1 | 湖北省 |
| 2 | 广东省 |
+----+-----------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)
值得一提的是,链式prefetch_related会将这些查询添加起来,就像1.7中的select_related那样。
要注意的是,在使用QuerySet的时候,一旦在链式操作中改变了数据库请求,之前用prefetch_related缓存的数据将会被忽略掉。这会导致Django重新请求数据库来获得相应的数据,从而造成性能问题。这里提到的改变数据库请求指各种filter()、exclude()等等最终会改变SQL代码的操作。而all()并不会改变最终的数据库请求,因此是不会导致重新请求数据库的。
举个例子,要获取所有人访问过的城市中带有“市”字的城市,这样做会导致大量的SQL查询:
plist = Person.objects.prefetch_related('visitation')
[p.visitation.filter(name__icontains=u"市") for p in plist] 因为数据库中有4人,导致了2+4次SQL查询:
SELECT `QSOptimize_person`.`id`, `QSOptimize_person`.`firstname`, `QSOptimize_person`.`lastname`,
`QSOptimize_person`.`hometown_id`, `QSOptimize_person`.`living_id`
FROM `QSOptimize_person`;
SELECT (`QSOptimize_person_visitation`.`person_id`) AS `_prefetch_related_val`, `QSOptimize_city`.`id`,
`QSOptimize_city`.`name`, `QSOptimize_city`.`province_id`
FROM `QSOptimize_city`
INNER JOIN `QSOptimize_person_visitation` ON (`QSOptimize_city`.`id` = `QSOptimize_person_visitation`.`city_id`)
WHERE `QSOptimize_person_visitation`.`person_id` IN (1, 2, 3, 4);
SELECT `QSOptimize_city`.`id`, `QSOptimize_city`.`name`, `QSOptimize_city`.`province_id`
FROM `QSOptimize_city`
INNER JOIN `QSOptimize_person_visitation` ON (`QSOptimize_city`.`id` = `QSOptimize_person_visitation`.`city_id`)
WHERE(`QSOptimize_person_visitation`.`person_id` = 1 AND `QSOptimize_city`.`name` LIKE '%市%' );
SELECT `QSOptimize_city`.`id`, `QSOptimize_city`.`name`, `QSOptimize_city`.`province_id`
FROM `QSOptimize_city`
INNER JOIN `QSOptimize_person_visitation` ON (`QSOptimize_city`.`id` = `QSOptimize_person_visitation`.`city_id`)
WHERE (`QSOptimize_person_visitation`.`person_id` = 2 AND `QSOptimize_city`.`na