切换正常，但是需要手工启动备库，切换其实是正常的，需要手工启动一下主库
?主要原因就是在listener.ora中需要配置一个xxxx_DGMGRL的global_name

?DGMGRL> switchover to stest11g
?Performing switchover NOW, please wait...
?Operation requires a connection to instance "test11g" on database "stest11g"
?Connecting to instance "test11g"...
?Connected.
?New primary database "stest11g" is opening...
?Operation requires startup of instance "test11g" on database "test11g"
?Starting instance "test11g"...
?Unable to connect to database
?ORA-12514: TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect descriptor
?Failed.
?Warning: You are no longer connected to ORACLE.
?Please complete the following steps to finish switchover:
? ? ? ? start up instance "test11g" of database "test11g"

如果配置完全正确，正常切换的日志就会如下：
DGMGRL> switchover to stest11g;
?Performing switchover NOW, please wait...
?Operation requires a connection to instance "test11g" on database "stest11g"
?Connecting to instance "test11g"...
?Connected.
?New primary database "stest11g" is opening...
?Operation requires startup of instance "test11g" on database "test11g"
?Starting instance "test11g"...
?ORACLE instance started.
?Database mounted.
?Database opened.
?Switchover succeeded, new primary is "stest11g"
?DGMGRL>

最后还是希望大家能够合理使用dataguard,一切顺利。