一、理论：
1.mysql:客户端连接工具
a.-u:指定用户名
b.-p:指定密码
c.-host:指定服务器IP或者域名
d.-P:指定连接端口
e.--default-character-set:客户端字符集选项
f.-e:执行选项
g.-E:将输出方式按照字段顺序显示
h.-f:强制执行sql
i.-v:显示更多信息
2.myisampack:myisam表压缩工具
3.mysqladmin:mysql管理工具
4.mysqlbinlog:日志管理工具
a.-d:指定
数据库名称，只列出指定的数据库相关操作
b.-o:忽略掉日志中的前n行命令
c.-r:将输出的文本格式日志输出到指定文件
d.-s:显示简单格式，省略掉一些信息
e.--set-charset=char-name:在输出为文本格式时，在文件第一行上加上set names char-nam（可用于装载数据）
f.--start-datetime=name:指定日期间隔内的所有日志
g.--start-position:指定位置间隔内的所有日志
5.
mysqlcheck:MyISAM表维护工具
a.-c:检查表
b.-r:修复表
c.-a:分析表
d.-o:优化表
6.mysqldump:数据导出工具
a.-u:用户名
b.-p:密码
c.-h:服务器IP或者域名
d.-P:连接端口
e.--add-drop-database:每个数据库创建语句前加上drop database
f.--add-drop-table:在每个表创建语句前加上drop table
g.-n:不包含数据库的创建语句
h.-t:不包含数据表的创建语句
i.-d:不包含数据
j.--compact:不包含默认选项中的各种注释
7.mysqlhostcopy:MyISAM表热备份工具
8.mysqlimport:数据导入工具
9.mysqlshow:数据库对象查看工具
10.perror:错误代码查看工具
11.replace:文本替换工具
二、实践：
?
abc@ubuntu:~$ mysql -uroot -p(密码) --default-character-set=utf8
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 47
Server version: 5.5.44-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show variables like 'char%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| character_set_client | utf8 |
| character_set_connection | utf8 |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | utf8 |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> show variables like 'char%';Ctrl-C -- exit!
Aborted
abc@ubuntu:~$ mysql -uroot -p(密码) --default-character-set=gbk;
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 48
Server version: 5.5.44-log Source distribution
Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.
Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.
mysql> show variables like 'char%';
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| Variable_name | Value |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
| character_set_client | gbk |
| character_set_connection | gbk |
| character_set_database | utf8 |
| character_set_filesystem | binary |
| character_set_results | gbk |
| character_set_server | utf8 |
| character_set_system | utf8 |
| character_sets_dir | /usr/local/mysql/share/charsets/ |
+--------------------------+----------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)
mysql> Ctrl-C -- exit!
Aborted
abc@ubuntu:~$ mysql -uroot -p(密码);
Welcome to the MySQL monitor. Commands end with ; or