--rman数据库热备份
backup database format='/u01/backup/rman/%d_%T_%s.bak';
sql 'alter system archive log current';

--备份表空间
backup tablespace emp；

--备份数据文件
backup datafile '/u01/mytest.dbf';
backup datafile 5 format='/u01/backup/rman/%N_%s.dbf';

--备份归档日志
backup archivelog all
backup archivelog from time 'sysdate-1'
backup archivelog from sequence 400
backup archivelog all delete input
backup archivelog from sequence 400 delete input

format='/u01/backup/rman/ar%T_%s.arc' --指定路径 %T 日期

--备份过去一天的归档文件
backup format='/u01/backup/rman/ar%d_%s.arc'
archivelog
from time='sysdate-1' until time='sysdate';

--备份数据文件和归档日志
backup format='/u01/backup/rman/t%d_%s.bak' tablespace emp plus archivelog;

--备份控制文件
backup current controlfile format='/u01/backup/rman/%d_%s.ctl';

--备份spfile
backup spfile format='/u01/backup/rman/spf%d_%s.par';

--压缩备份集
backup as compressed backupset tablespace emp;

--建立控制文件映像副本
copy current controlfile to '/u01/backup/rman/dbtest.ctl';
backup as copy format='/u01/backup/rman/dbtest01.ctl' current controlfile;

--建立数据文件映像副本
backup as copy format='/u01/backup/rman/8.dbf' datafile 8;

--rman维护命令
list backup --列出全部的备份信息
list backup of database --列出数据库备份
list backup of tablespace emp --列出指定的表空间备份
list backup of datafile 5 --列出指定的数据文件备份
list backup of controlfile --列出控制文件备份
list backup of spfile --列出spfile备份
list archivelog all --列出归档日志
list backup of archivelog all --列出归档日志的备份

list backup of database summary --列出可用的备份
list backup of tablespace emp summary --关于表空间的备份
list backup by file --按文件类型列出备份
list expired backup of archivelog all summary --失效的备份

report obsolete --查看过期的
delete obsolete --删除过期的

list recoverable backup of database --列出有效的备份
list expired backup --列出失效的备份

list expired backup of archivelog all --列出失效的归档日志备份
list expired backup of archivelog
until sequence 5 --列出指定序列号的失效归档日志备份
list expired backup of archivelog
until time "to_date('2012-6-30','yyyy-mm-dd')"
--列出指定时间的失效归档日志备份备份

list copy --列出映像文件副本
list copy of database
list copy of tablespace emp
list copy of datafile 6
list copy of archivelog all
list copy of controfile

report schema
report need backup --列出需要备份的
report need backup days 2 database --列出超过2天没有备份的

mount状态下
list incarnation;
reset database to incarnation 980;

--删除失效文件
删除失效备份
crosscheck backup(copy,archivelog all);
delete expired backup(copy,archivelog all);

删除失效日志
crosscheck archivelog all;
delete expired archivelog all;

crosscheck backup of tablespace sysaux --检查表空间备份
crosscheck backup of datafile 2 --检查数据文件2备份
crosscheck backup of controlfile --检查控制文件备份
crosscheck backup of spfile --检查spfile
crosscheck backup of copy --检查copy
crosscheck backup completed after 'sysdate-2' --当前时间前2天的备份

crosscheck copy of database
crosscheck copy of tablespace emp
crosscheck copy of controlfile
crosscheck copy of spfile

list backup summary --获得主键
validate backupset 16 --验证备份集16的有效性
change --修改备份状态
change backupset 16 unavailable
change backupset 16 available
change archivelog '/u01/backup/rman/***.log' unavailable

change backupset 16 delete --删除备份集16(同步删除)
delete expired backupset(archivelog all); --删除失效

delete expired --删除失效备份
delete obsolete --删除旧于备份策略日期（过期）的备份

--恢复检查
restore database validate;
validate backupset 218;