Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> startup nomount;
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initbre1.ora'
SQL> startup nomount;
ORA-01078: failure in processing system parameters
LRM-00109: could not open parameter file '/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/dbs/initbre1.ora'
SQL> startup nomount;
ORA-09925: Unable to create audit trail file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 9925 有很多相关目录没有创建，可以使用strings spfilebre1.ora来查看一下spfile里面的内容，建好相关的目录，并且赋予权限。。这些都搞好后nomount打开数据库不再报错。
3.恢复控制文件
登陆到rman，控制文件还原的时候将还原到参数文件指定的位置，所以参数文件指定的控制文件目录必须存在，否则报错，例如下面一开始我没有创建就报错，后来创建完成就不报错了，如果你想还原到其他地方，可以修改参数文件指定到相应地址。
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/04pggb87_1_1.bak';
Starting restore at 21-AUG-2014 10:26:14
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 08/21/2014 10:26:15
ORA-19870: error while restoring backup piece /home/oracle/04pggb87_1_1.bak
ORA-19504: failed to create file "/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/control01.ctl"
ORA-27040: file create error, unable to create file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 1
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/04pggb87_1_1.bak';
Starting restore at 21-AUG-2014 10:26:50
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGE STACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571: ===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at 08/21/2014 10:26:51
ORA-19504: failed to create file "/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/bre1/control02.ctl"
ORA-27040: file create error, unable to create file
Linux-x86_64 Error: 2: No such file or directory
Additional information: 1
ORA-19600: input file is control file (/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/control01.ctl)
ORA-19601: output file is control file (/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/bre1/control02.ctl)
RMAN> restore controlfile from '/home/oracle/04pggb87_1_1.bak';
Starting restore at 21-AUG-2014 10:27:24
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/oradata/bre1/control01.ctl
output file name=/u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/bre1/control02.ctl
Finished restore at 21-AUG-2014 10:27:25
4.mount数据库,注册备份集
重启数据库，直接就可以启动到mount
SQL> startup mount;
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 835104768 bytes
Fixed Size 2257840 bytes
Variable Size 503319632 bytes
Database Buffers 322961408 bytes
Redo Buffers 6565888 bytes
Database mounted.
SQL>
如果此时备份集所在文件目录改变，需要手工catalog注册备份集，这里我们将拷过来的备份文件复制到/home/oracle/backup下，演示一下手工catalog备份集
[oracle@bre2 ~]$ ls