Oracle patch也即是Oracle补丁。Oracle补丁又包含好几个种类，小的补丁简直是难以数计，难免让人眼花缭乱。尽管如此，Oracle patch还是有序可循的。而且Oracle提供的opatch工具非常方便的用于安装oracle patch，以及查看当前系统已经安装的patch。本文列出了patch的几种类型，以及主要描述通过opatch工具查看当前数据库的patch应用的情况。对于如何apply patch可参考Oracle官方文档。
1、Oracle patch类型
Critical Patch Update (CPU)
Bundled patches (For Windows and Exadata only)
PSR(Patch Set Release)/Patch Set Update(PSU)
Oracle 为我们提供了用于patch安装、回退、管理与追踪的工具opatch，该工具为命令行工具，简单易用，可以根据opatch的帮助命令来获取帮助信息
#获得opatch的帮助信息
[oracle@linux1 OPatch]$ ./opatch -help
Invoking OPatch 11.1.0.6.6 #opatch的版本
Oracle Interim Patch Installer version 11.1.0.6.6
Copyright (c) 2009, Oracle Corporation. All rights reserved.
Usage: opatch [ -help ] [ -r[eport] ] [ command ]
command := apply #安装patch
lsinventory #查看所有已安装的patch
napply #用于Apply a set of patches at a time
nrollback #用于Rollback a set of patches at a time
rollback #Rollback an existing one-off patch indicated by the reference-id
query
version
prereq #用于检查安装patch之前的先决条件
util
:= -help Displays the help message for the command.
-report Print the actions without executing.
example: #可以通过下面的方式来查看每一个具体命令的用法
'opatch -help'
'opatch apply -help'
'opatch lsinventory -help'
'opatch napply -help'
'opatch nrollback -help'
'opatch rollback -help'
'opatch prereq -help'
'opatch util -help'
OPatch succeeded.
#下面查看oracle 10g下的补丁信息，对于如何安装补丁，本文不作演示
oracle@M10DB01p:/users/oracle/OraHome10g/OPatch> ./opatch lsinventory
Invoking OPatch 10.2.0.3.0
.........
Oracle Home : /users/oracle/OraHome10g
Central Inventory : /users/oracle/oraInventory
from : /etc/oraInst.loc
OPatch version : 10.2.0.3.0
OUI version : 10.2.0.3.0
OUI location : /users/oracle/OraHome10g/oui
Log file location : /users/oracle/OraHome10g/cfgtoollogs/opatch/opatch2013-12-19_09-54-27AM.log
Lsinventory Output file location : /users/oracle/OraHome10g/cfgtoollogs/opatch/lsinv/lsinventory2013-12-19_09-54-27AM.txt
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Installed Top-level Products (2):
Oracle Database 10g 10.2.0.1.0 #基础版本号
Oracle Database 10g Release 2 Patch Set 2 10.2.0.3.0 #PSR号为3
There are 2 products installed in this Oracle Home.
Interim patches (2) : #列出了2个临时补丁patch号及bug号
Patch 5556081 : applied on Wed Feb 15 11:16:15 HKT 2012
Created on 9 Nov 2006, 22:20:50 hrs PST8PDT
Bugs fixed:
5556081
Patch 5557962 : applied on Wed Feb 15 11:16:08 HKT 2012
Created on 9 Nov 2006, 23:23:06 hrs PST8PDT
Bugs fixed:
4269423, 5557962, 5528974
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
OPatch succeeded.
#也可以通过查询dba_server_registry查看当前数据补丁的使用情况
SQL> select comp_name,version from dba_server_registry;
COMP_NAME VERSION
-------------------------------------------------- ------------------------------
Oracle XML Database 10.2.0.3.0
Oracle Label Security 10.2.0.3.0
Oracle Expression Filter 10.2.0.3.0
Oracle Rules Manager 10.2.0.3.0
Oracle Workspace Manager 10.2.0.1.0
Oracle Database Catalog Views 10.2.0.3.0
Oracle Database Packages and Types 10.2.0.3.0
JServer JAVA Virtual Machine 10.2.0.3.0
Oracle XDK 10.2.0.3.0
Oracle Database Java Packages 10.2.0.3.0
10 rows selected.
#下面是Oracle 11g下使用lsinventory -detail时patch的应