+----------+------------+-------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
“填坑”后性能提升了一点。如果经过emp_no筛选后余下很多数据，则后者性能优势会更加明显。当然，如果title的值很多，用填坑就不合适了，必须建立辅助索引。
情况四：查询条件没有指定索引第一列。
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM employees.titles WHERE from_date='1986-06-26';
+----+-------------+--------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+--------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+--------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+--------+-------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | titles | ALL | NULL | NULL | NULL | NULL | 443308 | Using where |
+----+-------------+--------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+--------+-------------+
由于不是最左前缀，索引这样的查询显然用不到索引。
情况五：匹配某列的前缀字符串。
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM employees.titles WHERE emp_no='10001' AND title LIKE 'Senior%';
view sourceprint
+----+-------------+--------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+--------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | titles | range | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 56 | NULL | 1 | Using where |
+----+-------------+--------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------------+
此时可以用到索引，但是如果通配符不是只出现在末尾，则无法使用索引。
情况六：范围查询。
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM employees.titles WHERE emp_no<'10010' and title='Senior Engineer';
+----+-------------+--------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+--------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | titles | range | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | NULL | 16 | Using where |
+----+-------------+--------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------------+
范围列可以用到索引(必须是最左前缀)，但是范围列后面的列无法用到索引。同时，索引最多用于一个范围列，因此如果查询条件中有两个范围列则无法全用到索引。
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM employees.titles
WHERE emp_no<'10010'
AND title='Senior Engineer'
AND from_date BETWEEN '1986-01-01' AND '1986-12-31';
+----+-------------+--------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+--------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | titles | range | PRIMARY | PRIMARY | 4 | NULL | 16 | Using where |
+----+-------------+--------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------------+
可以看到索引对第二个范围索引无能为力。这里特别要说明MySQL一个有意思的地方，那就是仅用explain可能无法区分范围索引和多值匹配，因为在type中这两者都显示为range。同时，用了“between”并不意味着就是范围查询，例如下面的查询：
EXPLAIN SELECT * FROM employees.titles
WHERE emp_no BETWEEN '10001' AND '10010'
AND title='Senior Engineer'
AND from_date BETWEEN '1986-01-01' AND '1986-12-31';
+----+-------------+--------+-------+---------------+---------+---------+------+------+-------------+
| id | sele