Hive中可以创建Index。
索引是标准的数据库技术，hive 0.7版本之后支持索引。hive索引采用的不是'one size fites
all'的索引实现方式，而是提供插入式接口，并且提供一个具体的索引实现作为参考。
hive索引具有以下特点：
1.索引key冗余存储，提供基于key的数据视图
2.存储设计以优化查询&检索性能
3.对于某些查询减少IO，从而提高性能。
hive索引创建语句：
CREATE INDEX index_name
ON TABLE base_table_name (col_name, ...)
AS 'index.handler.class.name'
[WITH DEFERRED REBUILD]
[IDXPROPERTIES (property_name=property_value, ...)]
[IN TABLE index_table_name]
[PARTITIONED BY (col_name, ...)]
[
[ ROW FORMAT...] STORED AS ...
| STORED BY ...
]
[LOCATION hdfs_path]
[TBLPROPERTIES (...)]
[COMMENT "index comment"]
注意：
1.index的partition默认和数据表一致
2.视图上不能创建index
3. index可以通过stored as配置存储格式
重建索引：
ALTER INDEX index_name ON table_name [PARTITION (...)]REBUILD
假如在创建索引是我们使用“ WITH DEFERRED REBUILD”语句，则索引创建是为空，可以通过“Alter index ... REBUILD”在一个partition上或所有partition上构建索引。
注意：
1.当hive数据更新时，必须调用该语句更新索引。
2. index rebuild操作时一个原子操作，因此，当rebuild失败时，先前构建的索引也无法使用
删除索引：
DROP INDEX index_name ON table_name
示例：
创建表&索引
hive> create table index_test(id INT, nameSTRING)
>partitioned by (dt STRING)
> row formatdelimited fields terminated by ',';
OK
Time taken: 32.446 seconds
hive> create table index_tmp(id INT, name STRING, dtSTRING)
> row formatdelimited fields terminated by ',';
OK
Time taken: 0.157 seconds
hive> load data local inpath '/home/work/data/alter_test.txt'into table index_tmp;
Copying data fromfile:/home/work/data/alter_test.txt
Copying file: file:/home/work/data/alter_test.txt
Loading data to table default.index_tmp
OK
Time taken: 1.587 seconds
hive> set hive.exec.dynamic.partition.mode=nonstrict;
hive> set hive.exec.dynamic.partition=true;
hive> insert overwrite table index_testpartition(dt)
> selectid,name,dt
> fromindex_tmp;
Total MapReduce jobs = 2
......
OK
Time taken: 56.103 seconds
hive> create index index1_index_test on tableindex_test(id) AS'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.index.compact.CompactIndexHandler' WITHDEFERRED REBUILD ;
OK
Time taken: 0.764 seconds
hive> alter index index1_index_test on index_testrebuild;
Total MapReduce jobs = 3
......
OK
Time taken: 138.589 seconds
hive> show index on index_test;
OK
index1_index_testindex_test iddefault__index_test_index1_index_test__ compact
Time taken: 0.163 seconds
hive> showpartitions index_test;
OK
dt=2012-08-10
dt=2012-08-11
dt=2012-08-12
Time taken: 0.17 seconds
举例2
--下面是给上节的stocks表创建索引
CREATE INDEX stocks_index
ON TABLE stocks (ymd)
AS'org.apache.hadoop.hive.ql.index.compact.CompactIndexHandler'
WITH DEFERRED REBUILD
IDXPROPERTIES ('creator' = 'me', 'created_at' ='some_time')
IN TABLE stocks_index_table
COMMENT 'stocks indexed by ymd.';
alter index stocks_index on stocks rebuild;
查看索引数据：
$ hadoop fs -ls/user/hive/warehouse/default__index_test_index1_index_test__
Found 3 items
drwxr-xr-x - worksupergroup 0 2012-08-16 18:27/user/hive/warehouse/default__index_test_index1_index_test__/dt=2012-08-10
drwxr-xr-x - worksupergroup 0 2012-08-16 18:27/user/hive/warehouse/default__index_test_index1_index_test__/dt=2012-08-11
drwxr-xr-x - worksupergroup 0 2012-08-16 18:28/user/hive/warehouse/default__index_test_index1_index_test__/dt=2012-08-12
$ hadoop fs -cat/user/hive/warehouse/default__index_test_index1_index_test__/dt=2012-08-10/000000_0
5,hdfs://localhost:9000/user/hive/warehouse/index_test/dt=2012-08-10/000000_0,0
6,hdfs://localhost:9000/user/hive/warehouse/index_test/dt=2012-08-10/000000_0,10
7,hdfs://localhost:9000/user/hive/warehouse/index_test/dt=2012-08-10/000000_0,20
删除索引：
hive> drop index index1_index_test on index_test;
OK
Time taken: 0.761 seconds
hive> show index on index_test;
OK
Time taken: 0.095 seconds
索引数据也被删除
$ hadoop fs -ls/user/hive/warehouse/default__index_test_index1_index_test__
ls: Cannot access/user/hive/warehouse/default__index_test_index1_index_test__: No such file ordirectory.