关于HBase环境搭建和HBase的原理架构，请见笔者相关博客。

1.HBase对java有着较优秀的支持，本文将介绍如何使用java操作Hbase。

首先是pom依赖：

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.hbase</groupId>
    <artifactId>hbase-client</artifactId>
    <version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.hbase</groupId>
    <artifactId>hbase-server</artifactId>
    <version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
    <dependency>
    <groupId>org.apache.hbase</groupId>
    <artifactId>hbase-common</artifactId>
    <version>1.3.1</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>commons-logging</groupId>
    <artifactId>commons-logging</artifactId>
    <version>1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
    <groupId>log4j</groupId>
    <artifactId>log4j</artifactId>
    <version>1.2.17</version>
</dependency>

2.操作HBase的关键类：

public class HbaseDemo {

    private static Admin admin;

    public static void main(String[] args){
        try {
              createTable("user_table", new String[] { "information", "contact" });
              User user = new User("001", "xiaoming", "123456", "man", "20", "13355550021", "1232821@csdn.com");
              insertData("user_table", user);
              User user2 = new User("002", "xiaohong", "654321", "female", "18", "18757912212", "214214@csdn.com");
              insertData("user_table", user2);
              List<User> list = getAllData("user_table");
              System.out.println("--------------------插入两条数据后--------------------");
              for (User user3 : list){
                 System.out.println(user3.toString());
              }
              System.out.println("--------------------获取原始数据-----------------------");
              getNoDealData("user_table");
              System.out.println("--------------------根据rowKey查询--------------------");
              User user4 = getDataByRowKey("user_table", "user-001");
              System.out.println(user4.toString());
              System.out.println("--------------------获取指定单条数据-------------------");
              String user_phone = getCellData("user_table", "user-001", "contact", "phone");
              System.out.println(user_phone);
              User user5 = new User("test-003", "xiaoguang", "789012", "man", "22", "12312132214", "856832@csdn.com");
              insertData("user_table", user5);
              List<User> list2 = getAllData("user_table");
              System.out.println("--------------------插入测试数据后--------------------");
              for (User user6 : list2){
                  System.out.println(user6.toString());
              }
              deleteByRowKey("user_table", "user-test-003");
              List<User> list3 = getAllData("user_table");
              System.out.println("--------------------删除测试数据后--------------------");
              for (User user7 : list3){
                  System.out.println(user7.toString());
              }
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    //连接集群
    public static Connection initHbase() throws IOException {

        Configuration configuration = HBaseConfiguration.create();
        configuration.set("hbase.zookeeper.property.clientPort", "2181");
        configuration.set("hbase.zookeeper.quorum", "127.0.0.1");
        //集群配置↓
        //configuration.set("hbase.zookeeper.quorum", "101.236.39.141,101.236.46.114,101.236.46.113");
        configuration.set("hbase.master", "127.0.0.1:60000");
        Connection connection = ConnectionFactory.createConnection(configuration);
        return connection;
    }

    //创建表
    public static void createTable(String tableNmae, String[] cols) throws IOException {

        TableName tableName = TableName.valueOf(tableNmae);
        admin = initHbase().getAdmin();
        if (admin.tableExists(tableName)) {
            System.out.println("表已存在！");
        } else {
            HTableDescriptor hTableDescriptor = new HTableDescriptor(tableName);
            for (String col : cols) {
                HColumnDescriptor hColumnDescriptor = new HColumnDescriptor(col);
                hTableDescriptor.addFamily(hColumnDescriptor);
            }
            admin.createTable(hTableDescriptor);
        }
    }

    //插入数据
    public static void insertData(String tableName, User user) throws IOException {
        TableName tablename = TableName.valueOf(tableName);
        Put put = new Put(("user-" + user.getId()).getBytes());
        //参数：1.列族名  2.列名  3.值
        put.addColumn("information".getBytes(), "username".getBytes(), user.getUsername().getBytes()) ;
        put.addColumn("information".getBytes(), "age".getBytes(), user.getAge().getBytes()) ;
        put.addColumn("information".getBytes(), "gender".getBytes(), user.getGender().getBytes()) ;
        put.addColumn("contact".getBytes(), "phone".getBytes(), user.getPhone().getBytes());
        put.addColumn("contact".getBytes(), "email".getBytes(), user.getEmail().getBytes());
        //HTable table = new HTable(initHbase().getConfiguration(),tablename);已弃用
        Table table = initHbase().getTable(tablename);
        table.put(put);
    }

    //获取原始数据
    public static void getNoDealData(String tableName){
        try {
            Table table= initHbase().getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName));
            Scan scan = new Scan();
            ResultScanner resutScanner = table.getScanner(scan);
            for(Result result: resutScanner){
                System.out.println("scan:  " + result);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    //根据rowKey进行查询
    public static User getDataByRowKey(String tableName, String rowKey) throws IOException {

        Table table = initHbase().getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName));
        Get get = new Get(rowKey.getBytes());
        User user = new User();
        user.setId(rowKey);
        //先判断是否有此条数据
        if(!get.isCheckExistenceOnly()){
            Result result = table.get(get);
            for (Cell cell : result.rawCells()){
                String colName = Bytes.toString(cell.getQualifierArray(),cell.getQualifierOffset(),cell.getQualifierLength());
                String value = Bytes.toString(cell.getValueArray(), cell.getValueOffset(), cell.getValueLength());
                if(colName.equals("username")){
                    user.setUsername(value);
                }
                if(colName.equals("age")){
                    user.setAge(value);
                }
                if (colName.equals("gender")){
                    user.setGender(value);
                }
                if (colName.equals("phone")){
                    user.setPhone(value);
                }
                if (colName.equals("email")){
                    user.setEmail(value);
                }
            }
        }
        return user;
    }

    //查询指定单cell内容
    public static String getCellData(String tableName, String rowKey, String family, String col){

        try {
            Table table = initHbase().getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName));
            String result = null;
            Get get = new Get(rowKey.getBytes());
            if(!get.isCheckExistenceOnly()){
                get.addColumn(Bytes.toBytes(family),Bytes.toBytes(col));
                Result res = table.get(get);
                byte[] resByte = res.getValue(Bytes.toBytes(family), Bytes.toBytes(col));
                return result = Bytes.toString(resByte);
            }else{
                return result = "查询结果不存在";
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "出现异常";
    }

    //查询指定表名中所有的数据
    public static List<User> getAllData(String tableName){

        Table table = null;
        List<User> list = new ArrayList<User>();
        try {
            table = initHbase().getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName));
            ResultScanner results = table.getScanner(new Scan());
            User user = null;
            for (Result result : results){
                String id = new String(result.getRow());
                System.out.println("用户名:" + new String(result.getRow()));
                user = new User();
                for(Cell cell : result.rawCells()){
                       String row = Bytes.toString(cell.getRowArray(), cell.getRowOffset(), cell.getRowLength());
                       //String family =  Bytes.toString(cell.getFamilyArray(),cell.getFamilyOffset(),cell.getFamilyLength());
                       String colName = Bytes.toString(cell.getQualifierArray(),cell.getQualifierOffset(),cell.getQualifierLength());
                       String value = Bytes.toString(cell.getValueArray(), cell.getValueOffset(), cell.getValueLength());
                       user.setId(row);
                       if(colName.equals("username")){
                            user.setUsername(value);
                       }
                       if(colName.equals("age")){
                            user.setAge(value);
                       }
                       if (colName.equals("gender")){
                           user.setGender(value);
                       }
                       if (colName.equals("phone")){
                           user.setPhone(value);
                       }
                       if (colName.equals("email")){
                           user.setEmail(value);
                       }
                }
                list.add(user);
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return list;
    }

    //删除指定cell数据
    public static void deleteByRowKey(String tableName, String rowKey) throws IOException {

        Table table = initHbase().getTable(TableName.valueOf(tableName));
        Delete delete = new Delete(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey));
        //删除指定列
        //delete.addColumns(Bytes.toBytes("contact"), Bytes.toBytes("email"));
        table.delete(delete);
    }

    //删除表
    public static void deleteTable(String tableName){

        try {
            TableName tablename = TableName.valueOf(tableName);
            admin = initHbase().getAdmin();
            admin.disableTable(tablename);
            admin.deleteTable(tablename);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

}

3.本文以操作User实例为例，新手看下User类：

public class User {

    private String id;
    private String username;
    private String password;
    private String gender;
    private String age;
    private String phone;
    private String email;

    public User(String id, String username, String password, String gender, String age, String phone, String email) {
        this.id = id;
        this.username = username;
        this.password = password;
        this.gender = gender;
        this.age = age;
        this.phone = phone;
        this.email = email;
    }

    public User(){

    }

    public String getId() {
        return id;
    }

    public void setId(String id) {
        this.id = id;
    }

    public String getUsername() {
        return username;
    }

    public void setUsername(String username) {
        this.username = username;
    }

    public String getPassword() {
        return password;
    }

    public void setPassword(String password) {
        this.password = password;
    }

    public String getGender() {
        return gender;
    }

    public void setGender(String gender) {
        this.gender = gender;
    }

    public String getAge() {
        return age;
    }

    public void setAge(String age) {
        this.age = age;
    }

    public String getPhone() {
        return phone;
    }

    public void setPhone(String phone) {
        this.phone = phone;
    }

    public String getEmail() {
        return email;
    }

    public void setEmail(String email) {
        this.email = email;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "User{" +
                "id='" + id + '\'' +
                ", username='" + username + '\'' +
                ", password='" + password + '\'' +
                ", gender='" + gender + '\'' +
                ", age='" + age + '\'' +
                ", phone='" + phone + '\'' +
                ", email='" + email + '\'' +
                '}';
    }
}

4.测试结果如下图：

java操作HBase成功