本章剩下的范例程序有缺陷。它们不能在所有版本的Windows下都正常执行。这些缺陷不是特意引过程序代码中的；事实上，您也许永远不会遇到这些缺陷。只有在不同的键盘语言和键盘布局间切换，以及在多字节字符集的远东版Windows下执行程序时，这些问题才会出现－所以我不愿将它们称为「错误」。
了解键盘国际化问题的第一步，就是检查Windows传递给窗口消息处理程序的键盘内容和字符消息。程序6-2所示的KEYVIEW1会对此有所帮助。该程序在显示区域显示Windows向窗口消息处理程序发送的8种不同键盘消息的全部信息。
程序6-2 KEYVIEW1
KEYVIEW1.C /*--------------------------------------------------------------------- KEYVIEW1.C --Displays Keyboard and Character Messages (c) Charles Petzold, 1998 ---------------------------------------------------------------------*/ #include <windows.h> LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND, UINT, WPARAM, LPARAM) ; int WINAPI WinMain (HINSTANCE hInstance, HINSTANCE hPrevInstance, PSTR szCmdLine, int iCmdShow) { static TCHAR szAppName[] = TEXT ("KeyView1") ; HWND hwnd ; MSG msg ; WNDCLASS wndclass ; wndclass.style = CS_HREDRAW | CS_VREDRAW ; wndclass.lpfnWndProc = WndProc ; wndclass.cbClsExtra = 0 ; wndclass.cbWndExtra = 0 ; wndclass.hInstance = hInstance ; wndclass.hIcon = LoadIcon (NULL, IDI_APPLICATION) ; wndclass.hCursor = LoadCursor (NULL, IDC_ARROW) ; wndclass.hbrBackground = (HBRUSH) GetStockObject (WHITE_BRUSH) ; wndclass.lpszMenuName = NULL ; wndclass.lpszClassName = szAppName ; if (!RegisterClass (&wndclass)) { MessageBox (NULL, TEXT ("This program requires Windows NT!"), szAppName, MB_ICONERROR) ; return 0 ; } hwnd = CreateWindow (szAppName, TEXT ("Keyboard Message Viewer #1"), WS_OVERLAPPEDWINDOW, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, CW_USEDEFAULT, NULL, NULL, hInstance, NULL) ; ShowWindow (hwnd, iCmdShow) ; UpdateWindow (hwnd) ; while (GetMessage (&msg, NULL, 0, 0)) { TranslateMessage (&msg) ; DispatchMessage (&msg) ; } return msg.wParam ; } LRESULT CALLBACK WndProc (HWND hwnd, UINT message, WPARAM wParam, LPARAM lParam) { static int cxClientMax, cyClientMax, cxClient, cyClient, cxChar, cyChar ; static int cLinesMax, cLines ; static PMSG pmsg ; static RECT rectScroll ; static TCHAR szTop[] = TEXT ("Message Key Char ") TEXT ("Repeat Scan Ext ALT Prev Tran") ; static TCHAR szUnd[] = TEXT ("_______ ___ ____ ") TEXT ("______ ____ ___ ___ ____ ____") ; static TCHAR * szFormat[2] = { TEXT ("%-13s %3d %-15s%c%6u %4d %3s %3s %4s %4s"), TEXT ("%-13s 0x%04X%1s%c %6u %4d %3s %3s %4s %4s") } ; static TCHAR * szYes = TEXT ("Yes") ; static TCHAR * szNo = TEXT ("No") ; static TCHAR * szDown = TEXT ("Down") ; static TCHAR * szUp = TEXT ("Up") ; static TCHAR * szMessage [] = { TEXT ("WM_KEYDOWN"), TEXT ("WM_KEYUP"), TEXT ("WM_CHAR"), TEXT ("WM_DEADCHAR"), TEXT ("WM_SYSKEYDOWN"),TEXT ("WM_SYSKEYUP"), TEXT ("WM_SYSCHAR"), TEXT ("WM_SYSDEADCHAR") } ; HDC hdc ; int i, iType ; PAINTSTRUCT ps ; TCHAR szBuffer[128], szKeyName [32] ; TEXTMETRIC tm ; switch (message) { case WM_CREATE: case WM_DISPLAYCHANGE: // Get maximum size of client area cxClientMax = GetSystemMetrics (SM_CXMAXIMIZED) ; cyClientMax = GetSystemMetrics (SM_CYMAXIMIZED) ; // Get character size for fixed-pitch font hdc = GetDC (hwnd) ; SelectObject (hdc, GetStockObject (SYSTEM_FIXED_FONT)) ; GetTextMetrics (hdc, &tm) ; cxChar = tm.tmAveCharWidth ; cyChar = tm.tmHeight ; ReleaseDC (hwnd, hdc) ; // Allocate memory for display lines if (pmsg) free (pmsg) ; cLinesMax = cyClientMax / cyChar ; pmsg = malloc (cLinesMax * sizeof (MSG)) ; cLines = 0 ; // fall through case WM_SIZE: if (message == WM_SIZE) { cxClient = LOWORD (lParam) ; cyClient = HIWORD (lParam) ; } // Calculate scrolling rectangle rectScroll.left = 0 ; rectScroll.right = cxClient ; rectScroll.top = cyChar ; rectScroll.bottom = cyChar * (cyClient / cyChar) ; InvalidateRect (hwnd, NULL, TRUE) ; return 0 ; case WM_KEYDOWN: case WM_KEYUP: case WM_CHAR: case WM_DEADCHAR: case WM_SYSKEYDOWN: case WM_SYSKEYUP: case WM_SYSCHAR: case WM_SYSDEADCHAR: // Rearrange storage array for (i = cLinesMax - 1 ; i > 0 ; i--) { pmsg[i] = pmsg[i - 1] ; } // Store new message pmsg[0].hwnd = hwnd ; pmsg[0].message = message ; pmsg[0].wParam = wParam ; pmsg[0].lParam = lParam ; cLines = min (cLines + 1, cLinesMax) ; // Scroll up the display ScrollWindow (hwnd, 0, -cyChar, &rectScroll, &rectScroll) ; break ; // i.e., call DefWindowProc so Sys messages work case WM_PAINT: hdc = BeginPaint (hwnd, &ps) ; SelectObject (hdc, GetStockObject (SYSTEM_FIXED_FONT)) ; SetBkMode (hdc, TRANSPARENT) ; TextOut (hdc, 0, 0, szTop, lstrlen (szTop)) ; TextOut (hdc, 0, 0, szUnd, lstrlen (szUnd)) ; for (i = 0 ; i < min (cLines, cyClient / cyChar - 1) ; i++) { iType = pmsg[i].message == WM_CHAR || pmsg[i].message == WM_SYSCHAR || pmsg[i].message == WM_DEADCHAR || pmsg[i].message == WM_SYSDEADCHAR ; GetKeyNameText (pmsg[i].lParam, szKeyName, sizeof (szKeyName) / sizeof (TCHAR)) ; TextOut (hdc, 0, (cyClient / cyChar - 1 - i) * cyChar, szBuffer, wsprintf (szBuffer, szFormat [iType], szMessage [pmsg[i].message - WM_KEYFIRST], pmsg[i].wParam, (PTSTR) (iType TEXT (" ") : szKeyName), (TCHAR) (iType pmsg[i].wParam : ' '), LOWORD (pmsg[i].lParam), HIWORD (pmsg[i].lParam) & 0xFF, 0x01000000 & pmsg[i].lParam szYes : szNo, 0x20000000 & pmsg[i].lParam szYes : szNo, 0x40000000 & pmsg[i].lParam szDown : szUp, 0x80000000 & pmsg[i].lParam szUp : szDown)) ; } EndPaint (hwnd, &ps) ; return 0 ; case WM_DESTROY: PostQuitMessage (0) ; return 0 ; } return DefWindowProc (hwnd, message, wParam, lParam) ; }