背景：
同事误删除线上数据，所以需要从备份中找回数据恢复。真实屋漏偏逢连夜雨、船迟又遇打头风，前两天备份的磁盘坏块，现在只有rman全备的.bak文件，没有控制文件和参数文件，所以现在需要考虑的是如何根据bak文件在备份数据库上恢复数据，从中找出被误删的数据。
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1 通过catalog start with’’的方式来恢复
1.1手动创建控制文件
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE set DATABASE"powerdes" RESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 454
DATAFILE
'/home/oradata/powerdes/system01.dbf',
'/home/oradata/powerdes/sysaux01.dbf',
'/home/oradata/powerdes/undotbs01.dbf',
'/home/oradata/powerdes/users01.dbf',
'/home/oradata/powerdes/powerdesk01.dbf',
'/home/oradata/powerdes/plas01.dbf',
'/home/oradata/powerdes/pl01.dbf',
'/home/oradata/powerdes/help01.dbf',
'/home/oradata/powerdes/adobelc01.dbf',
'/home/oradata/powerdes/sms01.dbf',
'/home/oradata/powerdes/plcrm01.dbf'
LOGFILE
GROUP 1('/home/oradata/powerdes/redo03.log') SIZE 10M,
GROUP 2('/home/oradata/powerdes/redo02.log') SIZE 10M,
GROUP 3('/home/oradata/powerdes/redo01.log') SIZE10M,
GROUP 4('/home/oradata/powerdes/redo_dg_01.log') SIZE 10M,
GROUP 5('/home/oradata/powerdes/redo_dg_02.log') SIZE 10M,
GROUP 6('/home/oradata/powerdes/redo_dg_03.log') SIZE 10M
CHARACTER SET ZHS16GBK;
1.2，设置catalog start with 路径
searching for all files that match the pattern/tmp/2015-03-30/
List of Files Unknown to the Database
=====================================
File Name:/tmp/2015-03-30/full_POWERDES_20150330_3395.bak
File Name: /tmp/2015-03-30/rman_backup.log
File Name:/tmp/2015-03-30/arch_POWERDES_20150330_3396.bak
File Name:/tmp/2015-03-30/arch_POWERDES_20150330_3394.bak
Do you really want to catalog the abovefiles (enter YES or NO)? yes
cataloging files...
cataloging done
List of Cataloged Files
=======================
File Name:/tmp/2015-03-30/full_POWERDES_20150330_3395.bak
File Name:/tmp/2015-03-30/arch_POWERDES_20150330_3396.bak
File Name:/tmp/2015-03-30/arch_POWERDES_20150330_3394.bak
List of Files Which Where Not Cataloged
=======================================
File Name: /tmp/2015-03-30/rman_backup.log
RMAN-07517: Reason: The file header is corrupted
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1.3 开始restore database恢复数据库
RMAN> restore database;
Starting restore at 01-APR-15
using channel ORA_DISK_1
RMAN-00571:===========================================================
RMAN-00569: =============== ERROR MESSAGESTACK FOLLOWS ===============
RMAN-00571:===========================================================
RMAN-03002: failure of restore command at04/01/2015 03:39:01
RMAN-06026: some targets not found -aborting restore
RMAN-06023: no backup or copy of datafile12 found to restore
RMAN-06023: no backup or copy of datafile11 found to restore
RMAN-06023: no backup or copy of datafile10 found to restore
RMAN-06023: no backup or copy of datafile 9found to restore
RMAN-06023: no backup or copy of datafile 8found to restore
RMAN-06023: no backup or copy of datafile 7found to restore
RMAN-06023: no backup or copy of datafile 5found to restore
RMAN-06023: no backup or copy of datafile 4found to restore
RMAN-06023: no backup or copy of datafile 3found to restore