Step 1: Specify an Instance Identifier (SID)
export ORACLE_SID=maomi

Step 2: Ensure That the Required Environment Variables Are Set
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0.3/dbhome_1
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
mkdir -p /u01/app/oracle/admin/maomi/adump

Step 3: Choose a Database Administrator Authentication Method
orapwd file=orapwmaomi password=oracle entries=5 force=y

Step 4: Create the Initialization Parameter File
db_name='maomi'
memory_target=400m
processes = 150
audit_file_dest='/u01/app/oracle/admin/maomi/adump'
audit_trail ='db'
db_block_size=8192
db_domain=''
log_archive_dest_1='location=+FRA'
DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_1='+DATA'
DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_2='+FRA'
db_create_file_dest='+DATA'
db_recovery_file_dest='+FRA'
db_recovery_file_dest_size=2G
diagnostic_dest='/u01/app/oracle'
dispatchers='(PROTOCOL=TCP) (SERVICE=ORCLXDB)'
open_cursors=300
remote_login_passwordfile='EXCLUSIVE'
undo_tablespace='UNDOTBS1'
undo_management='AUTO'
local_listener='(DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS_LIST=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=192.168.8.21)(PORT=1521))))'
remote_listener='rac-scan:1521'
# You may want to ensure that control files are created on separate physical
# devices
#control_files = ('control01.ctl', 'control02.ctl') --to use OMF, you cannot include this parameter in pfile or spfile.
compatible ='11.2.0'
spfile='+DATA/prod/spfilemaomi.ora'

Step 5: (Windows Only) Create an Instance
oradim -NEW -SID sid -STARTMODE MANUAL -PFILE pfile

Step 6: Connect to the Instance
[oracle@rac1 dbs]$ echo $ORACLE_SID
maomi
[oracle@rac1 dbs]$ sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Wed Dec 18 21:09:02 2013
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle.? All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.

Step 7: Create a Server Parameter File
SQL> create spfile from pfile;
File created.

Step 8: Start the Instance
STARTUP NOMOUNT

Step 9: Issue the CREATE DATABASE Statement
CREATE DATABASE maomi
?? USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle
?? USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle
?? LOGFILE GROUP 1 ('+DATA','+FRA') SIZE 10M BLOCKSIZE 512,
?????????? GROUP 2 ('+DATA','+FRA') SIZE 10M BLOCKSIZE 512,
?????????? GROUP 3 ('+DATA','+FRA') SIZE 10M BLOCKSIZE 512
?? MAXLOGFILES 5
?? MAXLOGMEMBERS 5
?? MAXLOGHISTORY 1
?? MAXDATAFILES 100
?? CHARACTER SET AL32UTF8
?? NATIONAL CHARACTER SET AL16UTF16
?? EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
?? DATAFILE '+DATA' SIZE 325M REUSE
?? SYSAUX DATAFILE '+DATA' SIZE 325M REUSE
?? DEFAULT TABLESPACE users
????? DATAFILE '+DATA'
????? SIZE 100M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED
?? DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE tempts1
????? TEMPFILE '+DATA'
????? SIZE 20M REUSE
?? UNDO TABLESPACE UNDOTBS1
????? DATAFILE '+DATA'
????? SIZE 200M REUSE AUTOEXTEND ON MAXSIZE UNLIMITED;

使用 Oracle-managed-files

CREATE DATABASE maomi
???? USER SYS IDENTIFIED BY oracle
???? USER SYSTEM IDENTIFIED BY oracle
???? EXTENT MANAGEMENT LOCAL
???? UNDO TABLESPACE undotbs1
???? DEFAULT TEMPORARY TABLESPACE temp01
???? DEFAULT TABLESPACE users;

DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_1='+DATA'
DB_CREATE_ONLINE_LOG_DEST_2='+FRA'
db_create_file_dest='+DATA'

If no CONTROL_FILES initialization parameter is specified in the initialization parameter file, then the database also creates an Oracle managed control file.

如果指定了 control_files 则控制文件会创建在如下目录
SQL> show parameter control_files