当控制文件的备份丢失时，怎么restore database？

来源于：
How to restore database when controlfile backup missing (文档 ID 1438776.1)

适用于：

Oracle Database - Enterprise Edition - Version 9.2.0.1 to 11.2.0.3 [Release 9.2 to 11.2]
Information in this document applies to any platform.
***Checked for relevance on 23-Sep-2013***

目标：
本文对如下的情况有帮助：除了控制文件备份不存在，其他的备份都存在，该情况下的database restore.

解决方案：
给出一个例子。
1. 查看当前数据库结构：

RMAN> report schema;
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
Report of database schema

List of Permanent Datafiles
===========================
File Size(MB) Tablespace RB segs Datafile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ------- ------------------------
1 510 SYSTEM *** +DATA/ora102/datafile/system.257.775126603
2 595 UNDOTBS1 *** +DATA/ora102/datafile/undotbs1.256.775126561
3 250 SYSAUX *** +DATA/ora102/datafile/sysaux.258.775126637
4 28 USERS *** +DATA/ora102/datafile/users.259.775126653
5 50 USERS *** +DATA/ora102/datafile/users.262.776000421

List of Temporary Files
=======================
File Size(MB) Tablespace Maxsize(MB) Tempfile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ----------- --------------------
1 29 TEMP 32767 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora102/ORA102/datafile/o1_mf_temp_7lqq1qko_.tmp

RMAN> exit


Recovery Manager complete

2.Create a dummy instance/ can use existing database to extract datafile 1 from backup piece and restore datafile 1 from backup piece

SQL> DECLARE
  devtype varchar2(256);
  done boolean;
  BEGIN
  devtype := dbms_backup_restore.DeviceAllocate(type=>null, ident=>'d1');
  dbms_backup_restore.RestoreSetDatafile;
  dbms_backup_restore.RestoreDatafileTo(dfnumber => 1,toname => '/u03/datafile1.dbf');
  dbms_backup_restore.RestoreBackupPiece(done => done,handle =>'/u03/backup/2cn5blrn_1_1', params => null);
  dbms_backup_restore.DeviceDeallocate;
 END;
/

3.在包括datafile 1的情况下建立控制文件：

SQL>!cat /u03/1.ctl
CREATE CONTROLFILE REUSE DATABASE "ORA102" NORESETLOGS ARCHIVELOG
MAXLOGFILES 16
MAXLOGMEMBERS 3
MAXDATAFILES 100
MAXINSTANCES 8
MAXLOGHISTORY 292
LOGFILE
GROUP 1 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora102/ORA102/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_7lqq1m62_.log' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 2 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora102/ORA102/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_7lqq1myr_.log' SIZE 50M,
GROUP 3 '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ora102/ORA102/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_7lqq1nr0_.log' SIZE 50M
DATAFILE
'/u03/datafile1.dbf'
CHARACTER SET WE8ISO8859P1
;
SQL> @/u03/1.ctl

Control file created.

SQL> select name from v$datafile;

NAME
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u03/datafile1.dbf

SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.5.0 - Production
With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

4.catalog 所有的backuppiece