数据库安装前的准备工作
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 #配置IP地址
DEVICE=eth0
HWADDR=00:0C:29:59:6E:BF
TYPE=Ethernet
ONBOOT=yes
BOOTPROTO=no
IPADDR=172.16.2.20
NETMASK=255.255.0.0
GATEWAY=172.16.1.1
DNS1=202.106.0.20
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/sysconfig/network
NETWORKING=yes
HOSTNAME=db
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/hosts #添加域名解析
127.0.0.1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost4 localhost4.localdomain4
::1 localhost localhost.localdomain localhost6 localhost6.localdomain6
172.16.2.20 db
[root@localhost ~]#reboot #重启系统
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[root@db ~]#tar -jxpvf /home/ora11.2.0.3.8_cluster.tgj -C / ? ? ?
#解压oracle数据库到根目录，大C指定文件解压目录
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第二步:配置数据库参数
[root@db ~]# su - oracle #切换到oracle用户
[oracle@db ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba #进入oracle数据库
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.3.0 Production on Wed Nov 18 15:40:15 2015
Copyright (c) 1982, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connected to an idle instance.
SQL> create pfile from spfile;
#创建pfile文件(pfile文件的作用是方便计算机可读,也就是0和1),第一次进入数据库时均需要创建此文件
File created.
SQL> startup
#启动数据库，若出现以下提示(需要给操作系统预留内存空间，不能让数据库独占内存)请修改initgnnt.ora文件，方法如下
ORA-00845: MEMORY_TARGET not supported on this system
SQL> ! #返回到oracle用户
[oracle@db ~]$ vim /opt/ora11/product/11.2/dbs/initgnnt.ora
#修改initgnnt.ora配置文件(大小视物理内存而定，一定不能等于物理内存)
..................................................................
*.memory_max_target=8g
*.memory_target=8g
..................................................................
*.sga_max_size=8g
..................................................................
[oracle@db ~]$sqlplus / as sysdba #再次进入oracle数据库
SQL> create spfile from pfile;
#创建spfile文件(spfile文件的作用是读取pfile文件的内容并更新修改的内容，也就是更新initgnnt.ora配置文件的内容让计算机可读)
SQL> startup #数据库打开成功
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 8551575552 bytes
Fixed Size 2245480 bytes
Variable Size 5066722456 bytes
Database Buffers 3472883712 bytes
Redo Buffers 9723904 bytes
Database mounted.
Database opened.
SQL>select status from v$instance; #查看数据库状态，显示‘open’代表正常
STATUS
------------
OPEN
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第三步:监听数据库
SQL>!lsnrctl status 或[oracle@localhost ~]$ lsnrctl status
#监听数据库，若提示以下内容，请修改listener.ora和tnsnames.ora文件
LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 11.2.0.3.0 - Production on 18-NOV-2015 17:46:36
Copyright (c) 1991, 2011, Oracle. All rights reserved.
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=IPC)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
TNS-12541: TNS:no listener
TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
TNS-00511: No listener
Linux Error: 111: Connection refused
Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=dbi)(PORT=1521)))
TNS-12545: Connect failed because target host or object does not exist
TNS-12560: TNS:protocol adapter error
TNS-00515: Connect failed because target host or object does not exist
Linux Error: 111: Connection refused
SQL>! #返回到oracle用户
[oracle@localhost admin]$ vim listener.ora
# listener.ora Network Configuration File: /opt/ora11/product/11.2/network/admin/listener.ora
# Generated by Oracle configuration tools.
.........................................................................................
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS = (P