之前在生产中遇到同样报错，用户在客户端查询表中数据，报如下错误：
Errors in file /oratrace/xxx/diag/rdbms/xxx/xxx2/trace/xxx2_dbw0_8454382.trc:
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 366 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 366: '/dev/rrpt001vg05'

这个报错是由于，2节点重启后，包含/dev/rrpt001vg05这个lv的lv没有online导致。varyonvg vg后，还是不能访问这个vg下的lv。在数据库内执行alter system check datafiles命令后，可以访问所有的数据文件。
该命令一般用于rac环境中，比如说其中一个节点无法访问某一个datafile（只有这个节点无法访问，其余节点是能访问的），无法访问的这个节点上就可以使用ALTER SYSTEM CHECK DATAFILES这个命令来更新实例的sga信息，更新信息的来源 是控制文件。

先做个实验将故障重演一遍：

NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS

Local Resources

ora.LISTENER.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE testdb1
ONLINE ONLINE testdb2
ora.gsd
OFFLINE OFFLINE testdb1
OFFLINE OFFLINE testdb2
ora.net1.network
ONLINE ONLINE testdb1
ONLINE ONLINE testdb2
ora.ons
ONLINE ONLINE testdb1
ONLINE ONLINE testdb2
ora.registry.acfs
OFFLINE OFFLINE testdb1
OFFLINE OFFLINE testdb2

Cluster Resources

ora.test.db
1 ONLINE ONLINE testdb1 Open
2 OFFLINE OFFLINE Instance Shutdown
ora.testdb1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE testdb1
ora.testdb2.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE testdb2
ora.cvu
1 ONLINE ONLINE testdb1
ora.oc4j
1 OFFLINE OFFLINE

2.offline oradata04
[oracle@testdb2:/oracle] exit
testdb2:/#varyoffvg oradata04

3.重启实例2
testdb2:/#su - oracle
[oracle@testdb2:/oracle] srvctl start instance -d CQTEST -n cqtestdb2
[oracle@testdb2:/oracle] crs

NAME TARGET STATE SERVER STATE_DETAILS

Local Resources

ora.LISTENER.lsnr
ONLINE ONLINE testdb1
ONLINE ONLINE testdb2
ora.gsd
OFFLINE OFFLINE testdb1
OFFLINE OFFLINE testdb2
ora.net1.network
ONLINE ONLINE testdb1
ONLINE ONLINE testdb2
ora.ons
ONLINE ONLINE testdb1
ONLINE ONLINE testdb2
ora.registry.acfs
OFFLINE OFFLINE testdb1
OFFLINE OFFLINE testdb2

Cluster Resources

ora.test.db
1 ONLINE ONLINE testdb1 Open
2 ONLINE ONLINE testdb2 Open
ora.testdb1.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE testdb1
ora.testdb2.vip
1 ONLINE ONLINE testdb2
ora.cvu
1 ONLINE ONLINE testdb1
ora.oc4j
1 OFFLINE OFFLINE

4.登录数据查询该文件上的表
[oracle@testdb2:/oracle] sqlplus aa/aa

SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Fri Aug 9 16:27:24 2019

Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved.

Connected to:
Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options

SQL> select * from tab;

TNAME TABTYPE CLUSTERID
------------------------------ ------- ----------
AA TABLE
B TABLE

SQL> select count() from aa;
select count() from aa
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 8 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 8: '/dev/rtest001vg04'

SQL> select  from b;
select  from b
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 8 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 8: '/dev/rtest001vg04'

SQL> exit
Disconnected from Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.4.0 - 64bit Production
With the Partitioning, Real Application Clusters, OLAP, Data Mining
and Real Application Testing options