在某些情况下，or条件可以避免全表扫描的。
1 .where 语句里面如果带有or条件, myisam表能用到索引，innodb不行。
1)myisam表：
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `a` (
`id` int(1) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`uid` int(11) NOT NULL,
`aNum` char(20) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `uid` (`uid`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=6 ;
mysql> explain select * from a where id=1 or uid =2;
+----+-------------+-------+-------------+---------------+-------------+---------+------+------+---------------------------------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+-------------+---------------+-------------+---------+------+------+---------------------------------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | a | index_merge | PRIMARY,uid | PRIMARY,uid | 4,4 | NULL | 2 | Using union(PRIMARY,uid); Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+-------------+---------------+-------------+---------+------+------+---------------------------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2)innodb表：
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `a` (
`id` int(1) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`uid` int(11) NOT NULL,
`aNum` char(20) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`),
KEY `uid` (`uid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 AUTO_INCREMENT=6 ;
mysql> explain select * from a where id=1 or uid =2;
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | a | ALL | PRIMARY,uid | NULL | NULL | NULL | 5 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
2 .必须所有的or条件都必须是独立索引：
+-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| Table | Create Table
+-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
| a | CREATE TABLE `a` (
`id` int(1) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`uid` int(11) NOT NULL,
`aNum` char(20) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=6 DEFAULT CHARSET=latin1 |
+-------+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
explain查看：
mysql> explain select * from a where id=1 or uid =2;
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+
| id | select_type | table | type | possible_keys | key | key_len | ref | rows | Extra |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+
| 1 | SIMPLE | a | ALL | PRIMARY | NULL | NULL | NULL | 5 | Using where |
+----+-------------+-------+------+---------------+------+---------+------+------+-------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
全表扫描了。
摘自 hguisu的专栏