pip安装使用详解:http://www.ttlsa.com/python/how-to-install-and-use-pip-ttlsa
python 包:https://pypi.python.org/pypi
在 python 中安装非自带 python 模块,有三种方式:
1.easy_install
2.pip
3.下载压缩包(.zip, .tar, .tar.gz)后解压, 进入解压缩的目录后执行python setup.py install命令
安装 setuptools,用easy_install *.egg 命令来安装
一般 python setup.py install 安装后的模块,就能import了
安装 python 模块,建议使用 pypi
pip 类似 RedHat 里面的 yum,安装Python包非常方便。本节详细介绍 pip 的安装、以及使用方法。
推荐:
curl https://bootstrap.pypa.io/get-pip.py -o get-pip.py
python get-pip.py
如果安装的是 python3,则 python3 默认安装的有 pip3 ,不需要再自己安装 pip3。
pip3 安装在 python3 路径下的 bin 目录里面
升级 pip3
通常情况下,你的电脑里如果安装了python2.x也同时安装了python3.x,那么应该就会有两个pip。一个是pip2,另一个是pip3。好吧,可能还有一个既没有2,也米有3的pip,一般情况下,pip==pip2。
有时候我们使用pip安装东西会提示我们pip的版本过低,建议我们升级,一般情况下我们用pip3的时候固然会想到用下面的命令来升级:pip3 install --upgrade pip3。但如果你这么做了,你会发现好像这并不是正确的姿势。实际上这是一个逻辑错误,看了正确答案你就会知道哪里出错了。
正确的升级 pip3 如下:pip3 install --upgrade pip
使用 豆瓣源 安装:pip install robobrowser -i http://pypi.douban.com/simple/
1. pip下载安装
pip 下载
# wget "https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-1.5.4.tar.gz#md5=834b2904f92d46aaa333267fb1c922bb" --no-check-certificate
或者 到 pypi 官网(https://pypi.python.org/pypi ) 直接下载源码安装
pip安装
# tar -xzvf pip-1.5.4.tar.gz
# cd pip-1.5.4
# python setup.py install
2. pip使用详解
pip 使用帮助
root@kali:~$ pip -h
Usage:
pip <command> [options]
Commands:
install 安装包.
download 下载包.
uninstall 卸载包.
freeze 按照一定格式输出已安装包的列表.
list 列出已经安装的包.
show 显示所安装包的信息.
check 验证已安装的包所具有的兼容依赖关系.
search 通过 PyPI 搜索包.
wheel Build wheels from your requirements.
hash 计算包文件的哈希值.
completion 用于命令完成的助手命令。
help 命令帮助.
General Options:
-h, --help 显示帮助.
--isolated Run pip in an isolated mode, ignoring environment variables and user configuration.
-v, --verbose 更多的输出,最多可以使用3次
-V, --version 显示版本号并退出
-q, --quiet 安静模式,显示最少的输出。
--log <path> Path to a verbose appending log.
--proxy <proxy> 使用代理。代理格式: [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
--retries <retries> Maximum number of retries each connection should attempt (default 5 times).
--timeout <sec> 设置 socket 超时时间。(default 15 seconds).
--exists-action <action> Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup, (a)bort.
--trusted-host <hostname> Mark this host as trusted, even though it does not have valid or any HTTPS.
--cert <path> Path to alternate CA bundle.
--client-cert <path> Path to SSL client certificate, a single file containing the private key and the
certificate in PEM format.
--cache-dir <dir> Store the cache data in <dir>.
--no-cache-dir Disable the cache.
--disable-pip-version-check
Don't periodically check PyPI to determine whether a new version of pip is available for
download. Implied with --no-index.
如果想看 pip 中某个 命令的帮助,例如 pip list ,可以使用: pip list -h
root@kali:~$ pip list -h
Usage:
pip list [options]
Description:
List installed packages, including editables.
Packages are listed in a case-insensitive sorted order.
List Options:
-o, --outdated List outdated packages
-u, --uptodate List uptodate packages
-e, --editable List editable projects.
-l, --local If in a virtualenv that has global access, do not list globally-installed packages.
--user Only output packages installed in user-site.
--pre Include pre-release and development versions. By default, pip only finds stable versions.
--format <list_format> Select the output format among: legacy (default), columns, freeze or json.
--not-required List packages that are not dependencies of installed packages.
Package Index Options (including deprecated options):
-i, --index-url <url> Base URL of Python Package Index (default https://pypi.python.org/simple). This should
point to a repository compliant with PEP 503 (the simple repository API) or a local
directory laid out in the same format.
--extra-index-url <url> Extra URLs of package indexes to use in addition to --index-url. Should follow the same
rules as --index-url.
--no-index Ignore package index (only looking at --find-links URLs instead).
-f, --find-links <url> If a url or path to an html file, then parse for links to archives. If a local path or
file:// url that's a directory, then look for archives in the directory listing.
--process-dependency-links Enable the processing of dependency links.
示例: pip list --outdata 查看需要更新的 python 包
使用 pip 安装包
# pip install SomePackage
[...]
Successfully installed SomePackage
使用 pip 查看已安装的包
# pip show --files SomePackage
Name:SomePackage
Version:1.0
Location:/my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages
Files:
../somepackage/__init__.py
[...]
使用 pip 检查哪些包需要更新
# pip list --outdated
SomePackage (Current: 1.0 Latest: 2.0)
使用pip 升级包
# pip install --upgrade SomePackage
[...]
Foundexistinginstallation:SomePackage1.0
UninstallingSomePackage:
SuccessfullyuninstalledSomePackage
Runningsetup.pyinstallforSomePackage
SuccessfullyinstalledSomePackage
使用 pip 卸载包
$ pip uninstall SomePackage
Uninstalling SomePackage:
/my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages/somepackage
Proceed (y/n) y
Successfully uninstalled SomePackage
3. pip使用实例
以 安装 redis 示例:
安装redis
# pip install redis
卸载redis
# pip uninstall redis
Uninstalling redis:
/usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/redis-2.9.1-py2.6.egg-info
.....省略一些内容....
Proceed (y/n) y
Successfully uninstalled redis
查看待更新包
pip list --outdate
常见错误:ImportError No module named setuptools。说明没有安装setuptools 模块,直接下载安装即可