本节内容
- 列表、元组操作
- 字符串操作
- 字典操作
- 集合操作
- 文件操作
- 字符编码与转码
1. 列表、元组操作
列表是我们最以后最常用的数据类型之一,通过列表可以对数据实现最方便的存储、修改等操作
定义列表
names
=
[
'Alex'
,
"Tenglan"
,
'Eric'
]
通过下标访问列表中的元素,下标从0开始计数
切片:取多个元素
>>> names = ["Alex","Tenglan","Eric","Rain","Tom","Amy"]
>>> names[1:4] #取下标1至下标4之间的数字,包括1,不包括4
['Tenglan', 'Eric', 'Rain']
>>> names[1:-1] #取下标1至-1的值,不包括-1
['Tenglan', 'Eric', 'Rain', 'Tom']
>>> names[0:3]
['Alex', 'Tenglan', 'Eric']
>>> names[:3] #如果是从头开始取,0可以忽略,跟上句效果一样
['Alex', 'Tenglan', 'Eric']
>>> names[3:] #如果想取最后一个,必须不能写-1,只能这么写
['Rain', 'Tom', 'Amy']
>>> names[3:-1] #这样-1就不会被包含了
['Rain', 'Tom']
>>> names[0::2] #后面的2是代表,每隔一个元素,就取一个
['Alex', 'Eric', 'Tom']
>>> names[::2] #和上句效果一样
['Alex', 'Eric', 'Tom']
追加
copy真的这么简单么?那我还讲个屁。。。
2. 字符串操作
特性:不可修改
name.capitalize() 首字母大写
name.casefold() 大写全部变小写
name.center(50,"-") 输出 '---------------------Alex Li----------------------'
name.count('lex') 统计 lex出现次数
name.encode() 将字符串编码成bytes格式
name.endswith("Li") 判断字符串是否以 Li结尾
"Alex\tLi".expandtabs(10) 输出'Alex Li', 将\t转换成多长的空格
name.find('A') 查找A,找到返回其索引, 找不到返回-1
format :
>>> msg = "my name is {}, and age is {}"
>>> msg.format("alex",22)
'my name is alex, and age is 22'
>>> msg = "my name is {1}, and age is {0}"
>>> msg.format("alex",22)
'my name is 22, and age is alex'
>>> msg = "my name is {name}, and age is {age}"
>>> msg.format(age=22,name="ale")
'my name is ale, and age is 22'
format_map
>>> msg.format_map({'name':'alex','age':22})
'my name is alex, and age is 22'
msg.index('a') 返回a所在字符串的索引
'9aA'.isalnum() True
'9'.isdigit() 是否整数
name.isnumeric
name.isprintable
name.isspace
name.istitle
name.isupper
"|".join(['alex','jack','rain'])
'alex|jack|rain'
maketrans
>>> intab = "aeiou" #This is the string having actual characters.
>>> outtab = "12345" #This is the string having corresponding mapping character
>>> trantab = str.maketrans(intab, outtab)
>>>
>>> str = "this is string example....wow!!!"
>>> str.translate(trantab)
'th3s 3s str3ng 2x1mpl2....w4w!!!'
msg.partition('is') 输出 ('my name ', 'is', ' {name}, and age is {age}')
>>> "alex li, chinese name is lijie".replace("li","LI",1)
'alex LI, chinese name is lijie'
msg.swapcase 大小写互换
>>> msg.zfill(40)
'00000my name is {name}, and age is {age}'
>>> n4.ljust(40,"-")
'Hello 2orld-----------------------------'
>>> n4.rjust(40,"-")
'-----------------------------Hello 2orld'
>>> b="ddefdsdff_哈哈"
>>> b.isidentifier() #检测一段字符串可否被当作标志符,即是否符合变量命名规则
True
3. 字典操作
字典一种key - value 的数据类型,使用就像我们上学用的字典,通过笔划、字母来查对应页的详细内容。
语法:
info = { 'stu1101': "TengLan Wu", 'stu1102': "LongZe Luola", 'stu1103': "XiaoZe Maliya", }
字典的特性:
- dict是无序的
- key必须是唯一的