上一篇写到Eloquent ORM的基类Builder类，这次就来看一下这些方便的ORM方法是如何转换成sql语句运行的。

首先还是进入\vendor\laravel\framework\src\Illuminate\Database\Query\Builder.php这个类中，先来看一下最常用的where()方法。

如下所示，where方法的代码很长，但前面多个if都是用来兼容各种不同调用式的。我们先抛开这些花哨的调用方式，来看一下最简单的调用方法是怎么运行的。

/**
     * Add a basic where clause to the query.
     *
     * @param  string|array|\Closure  $column
     * @param  mixed   $operator
     * @param  mixed   $value
     * @param  string  $boolean
     * @return $this
     */
    public function where($column, $operator = null, $value = null, $boolean = 'and')
    {
        // If the column is an array, we will assume it is an array of key-value pairs
        // and can add them each as a where clause. We will maintain the boolean we
        // received when the method was called and pass it into the nested where.
        if (is_array($column)) {
            return $this->addArrayOfWheres($column, $boolean);
        }

        // Here we will make some assumptions about the operator. If only 2 values are
        // passed to the method, we will assume that the operator is an equals sign
        // and keep going. Otherwise, we'll require the operator to be passed in.
        list($value, $operator) = $this->prepareva lueAndOperator(
            $value, $operator, func_num_args() == 2
        );

        // If the columns is actually a Closure instance, we will assume the developer
        // wants to begin a nested where statement which is wrapped in parenthesis.
        // We'll add that Closure to the query then return back out immediately.
        if ($column instanceof Closure) {
            return $this->whereNested($column, $boolean);
        }

        // If the given operator is not found in the list of valid operators we will
        // assume that the developer is just short-cutting the '=' operators and
        // we will set the operators to '=' and set the values appropriately.
        if ($this->invalidOperator($operator)) {
            list($value, $operator) = [$operator, '='];
        }

        // If the value is a Closure, it means the developer is performing an entire
        // sub-select within the query and we will need to compile the sub-select
        // within the where clause to get the appropriate query record results.
        if ($value instanceof Closure) {
            return $this->whereSub($column, $operator, $value, $boolean);
        }

        // If the value is "null", we will just assume the developer wants to add a
        // where null clause to the query. So, we will allow a short-cut here to
        // that method for convenience so the developer doesn't have to check.
        if (is_null($value)) {
            return $this->whereNull($column, $boolean, $operator !== '=');
        }

        // If the column is making a JSON reference we'll check to see if the value
        // is a boolean. If it is, we'll add the raw boolean string as an actual
        // value to the query to ensure this is properly handled by the query.
        if (Str::contains($column, '->') && is_bool($value)) {
            $value = new Expression($value ? 'true' : 'false');
        }

        // Now that we are working with just a simple query we can put the elements
        // in our array and add the query binding to our array of bindings that
        // will be bound to each SQL statements when it is finally executed.
        $type = 'Basic';

        $this->wheres[] = compact(
            'type', 'column', 'operator', 'value', 'boolean'
        );

        if (! $value instanceof Expression) {
            $this->addBinding($value, 'where');
        }

        return $this;
    }

 

先从这个方法的参数开始，它一