{"rsdb":{"rid":"239573","subhead":"","postdate":"0","aid":"165097","fid":"103","uid":"1","topic":"1","content":"<div id=\"cnblogs_post_body\" class=\"cnblogs-markdown\">\n <h3 id=\"\u65b0\u589e\u4e0e\u79fb\u9664\u4f7f\u7528\u8005-useradd-\u76f8\u5173\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6-passwd-usermod-userdel\">\u65b0\u589e\u4e0e\u79fb\u9664\u4f7f\u7528\u8005: useradd, \u76f8\u5173\u914d\u7f6e\u6587\u4ef6, passwd, usermod, userdel<\/h3> \n <p>\u6211\u4eec\u767b\u5165\u7cfb\u7edf\u65f6\u4f1a\u8f93\u5165 (1)\u8d26\u53f7\u4e0e (2)\u5bc6\u7801\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u53ef\u7528\u7684\u8d26\u53f7\u540c\u6837\u7684\u4e5f\u9700\u8981\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u3002\u90a3\u8d26\u53f7\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528 useradd \u6765\u65b0\u5efa\u7528\u6237\uff0c \u5bc6\u7801\u7684\u7ed9\u4e88\u5219\u4f7f\u7528 passwd \u8fd9\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4!\u8fd9\u4e24\u4e2a\u6307\u4ee4\u4e0b\u8fbe\u65b9\u6cd5\u5982\u4e0b:<\/p> \n <hr \/> \n <ul> \n  <li>useradd<\/li> \n <\/ul> \n <pre><code>[root@study ~]# useradd [-u UID] [-g \u521d\u59cb\u7fa4\u7ec4] [-G \u6b21\u8981\u7fa4\u7ec4] [-mM]\\\n&gt; [-c \u8bf4\u660e\u680f] [-d \u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84] [-s shell] \u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8d26\u53f7\u540d\n\u9009\u9879\u4e0e\u53c2\u6570:\n-u :\u540e\u9762\u63a5\u7684\u662f UID \uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u7ec4\u6570\u5b57\u3002\u76f4\u63a5\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u7684 UID \u7ed9\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d26\u53f7; -g :\u540e\u9762\u63a5\u7684\u90a3\u4e2a\u7ec4\u540d\u5c31\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u4e0a\u9762\u63d0\u5230\u7684 initial group \u5566~\n\u8be5\u7fa4\u7ec4\u7684 GID \u4f1a\u88ab\u653e\u7f6e\u5230 \/etc\/passwd \u7684\u7b2c\u56db\u4e2a\u5b57\u6bb5\u5185\u3002 -G :\u540e\u9762\u63a5\u7684\u7ec4\u540d\u5219\u662f\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d26\u53f7\u8fd8\u53ef\u4ee5\u52a0\u5165\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\u3002\n\u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4e0e\u53c2\u6570\u4f1a\u4fee\u6539 \/etc\/group \u5185\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u8d44\u6599\u5594!\n-M :\u5f3a\u5236!\u4e0d\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55!(\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d26\u53f7\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c)\n-m :\u5f3a\u5236!\u8981\u5efa\u7acb\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55!(\u4e00\u822c\u8d26\u53f7\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c)\n-c :\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5c31\u662f \/etc\/passwd \u7684\u7b2c\u4e94\u680f\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\u5185\u5bb9\u5566~\u53ef\u4ee5\u968f\u4fbf\u6211\u4eec\u8bbe\u5b9a\u7684\u5566~ -d :\u6307\u5b9a\u67d0\u4e2a\u76ee\u5f55\u6210\u4e3a\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u3002\u52a1\u5fc5\u4f7f\u7528\u7edd\u5bf9\u8def\u5f84!\n-r :\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u8d26\u53f7\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8d26\u53f7\u7684 UID \u4f1a\u6709\u9650\u5236 (\u53c2\u8003 \/etc\/login.defs)\n-s :\u540e\u9762\u63a5\u4e00\u4e2a shell \uff0c\u82e5\u6ca1\u6709\u6307\u5b9a\u5219\u9884\u8bbe\u662f \/bin\/bash \u7684\u5566~\n-e :\u540e\u9762\u63a5\u4e00\u4e2a\u65e5\u671f\uff0c\u683c\u5f0f\u4e3a\u300eYYYY-MM-DD\u300f\u6b64\u9879\u76ee\u53ef\u5199\u5165 shadow \u7b2c\u516b\u5b57\u6bb5\uff0c\n\u4ea6\u5373\u8d26\u53f7\u5931\u6548\u65e5\u7684\u8bbe\u5b9a\u9879\u76ee\u5570;\n-f :\u540e\u9762\u63a5 shadow \u7684\u7b2c\u4e03\u5b57\u6bb5\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u6307\u5b9a\u5bc6\u7801\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u5931\u6548\u30020 \u4e3a\u7acb\u523b\u5931\u6548\uff0c\n-1 \u4e3a\u6c38\u8fdc\u4e0d\u5931\u6548(\u5bc6\u7801\u53ea\u4f1a\u8fc7\u671f\u800c\u5f3a\u5236\u4e8e\u767b\u5165\u65f6\u91cd\u65b0\u8bbe\u5b9a\u800c\u5df2\u3002)\n\n\u8303\u4f8b\u4e00:\u5b8c\u5168\u53c2\u8003\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u7528\u6237\uff0c\u540d\u79f0\u4e3a vbird1 [root@study ~]# useradd vbird1\n[root@study ~]# ll -d \/home\/vbird1\ndrwx------. 3 vbird1 vbird1 74 Jul 20 21:50 \/home\/vbird1 \n# \u9ed8\u8ba4\u4f1a\u5efa\u7acb\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4e14\u6743\u9650\u4e3a 700 !\u8fd9\u662f\u91cd\u70b9!\n\n[root@study ~]# grep vbird1 \/etc\/passwd \/etc\/shadow \/etc\/group\n\/etc\/passwd:vbird1:x:1003:1004::\/home\/vbird1:\/bin\/bash \/etc\/shadow:vbird1:!!:16636:0:99999:7:::\n\/etc\/group:vbird1:x:1004: &lt;==\u9884\u8bbe\u4f1a\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u8d26\u53f7\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\u540d<\/code><\/pre> \n <p>\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u300e useradd \u8d26\u53f7 \u300f\u6765\u5efa\u7acb \u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5373\u53ef\u3002 CentOS \u8fd9\u4e9b\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u4e3b\u8981\u4f1a\u5e2e\u6211\u4eec\u5904\u7406\u51e0\u4e2a\u9879\u76ee:<\/p> \n <ul> \n  <li>\u5728 \/etc\/passwd \u91cc\u9762\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u884c\u4e0e\u8d26\u53f7\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u5efa\u7acb UID\/GID\/\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u7b49;<\/li> \n  <li>\u5728 \/etc\/shadow \u91cc\u9762\u5c06\u6b64\u8d26\u53f7\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u76f8\u5173\u53c2\u6570\u586b\u5165\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u5c1a\u672a\u6709\u5bc6\u7801;<\/li> \n  <li>\u5728 \/etc\/group \u91cc\u9762\u52a0\u5165\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u8d26\u53f7\u540d\u79f0\u4e00\u6a21\u4e00\u6837\u7684\u7ec4\u540d;<\/li> \n  <li>\u5728 \/home \u5e95\u4e0b\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u4e0e\u8d26\u53f7\u540c\u540d\u7684\u76ee\u5f55\u4f5c\u4e3a\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\uff0c\u4e14\u6743\u9650\u4e3a 700<\/li> \n <\/ul> \n <p>\u7531\u4e8e\u5728 \/etc\/shadow \u5185\u4ec5\u4f1a\u6709\u5bc6\u7801\u53c2\u6570\u800c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u6709\u52a0\u5bc6\u8fc7\u7684\u5bc6\u7801\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5efa\u7acb\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8d26\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c \u8fd8\u9700\u8981\u4f7f\u7528\u300e passwd \u8d26\u53f7 \u300f\u6765\u7ed9\u4e88\u5bc6\u7801\u624d\u7b97\u662f\u5b8c\u6210\u4e86\u7528\u6237\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u6d41\u7a0b\u3002\u5982\u679c\u7531\u4e8e\u7279\u6b8a\u9700\u6c42\u800c\u9700\u8981 \u6539\u53d8\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u76f8\u5173\u53c2\u6570\u65f6\uff0c \u5c31\u5f97\u8981\u900f\u8fc7\u4e0a\u8ff0\u8868\u683c\u4e2d\u7684\u9009\u9879\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u5efa\u7acb\u4e86\uff0c\u53c2\u8003\u5e95\u4e0b\u7684\u6848\u4f8b:<\/p> \n <pre><code>\u8303\u4f8b\u4e8c:\u5047\u8bbe\u6211\u5df2\u77e5\u9053\u6211\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u5f53\u4e2d\u6709\u4e2a\u7ec4\u540d\u4e3a users \uff0c\u4e14 UID 1500 \u5e76\u4e0d\u5b58\u5728\uff0c \u8bf7\u7528 users \u4e3a\u521d\u59cb\u7fa4\u7ec4\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca uid \u4e3a 1500 \u6765\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u540d\u4e3a vbird2 \u7684\u8d26\u53f7\n[root@study ~]# useradd -u 1500 -g users vbird2\n[root@study ~]# ll -d \/home\/vbird2\ndrwx------. 3 vbird2 users 74 Jul 20 21:52 \/home\/vbird2\n[root@study ~]# grep vbird2 \/etc\/passwd \/etc\/shadow \/etc\/group \n\/etc\/passwd:vbird2:x:1500:100::\/home\/vbird2:\/bin\/bash \n\/etc\/shadow:vbird2:!!:16636:0:99999:7:::<\/code><\/pre> \n <p>\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u8303\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u662f\u6307\u5b9a\u4e00\u4e2a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u7fa4\u7ec4\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u7fa4\u7ec4\u5df2\u7ecf\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5728 \/etc\/group \u91cc\u9762\u5c31\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u7684\u5efa\u7acb\u4e0e\u8d26\u53f7\u540c\u540d\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\u4e86!\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u6307\u5b9a\u4e86\u7279\u6b8a\u7684 UID \u6765\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7684\u4e13\u5c5e UID\u3002\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u4e00\u822c\u8d26\u53f7\u540e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6765\u77a7\u77a7\u90a3\u5565\u662f\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d26\u53f7(system acount)\u3002<\/p> \n <pre><code>\u8303\u4f8b\u4e09:\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u4e2a\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d26\u53f7\uff0c\u540d\u79f0\u4e3a vbird3\n[root@study ~]# useradd -r vbird3\n[root@study ~]# ll -d \/home\/vbird3\nls: cannot access \/home\/vbird3: No such file or directorya &lt;==\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u5efa\u7acb\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\n\n[root@study ~]# grep vbird3 \/etc\/passwd \/etc\/shadow \/etc\/group\n\/etc\/passwd:vbird3:x:699:699::\/home\/vbird3:\/bin\/bash \/etc\/shadow:vbird3:!!:16636::::::\n\/etc\/group:vbird3:x:699:<\/code><\/pre> \n <p>\u4e00\u822c\u8d26\u53f7\u5e94\u8be5\u662f 1000 \u53f7\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u90a3\u7528\u6237\u81ea\u5df1\u5efa\u7acb\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d26\u53f7\u5219\u4e00\u822c \u662f\u5c0f\u4e8e 1000 \u53f7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u7684\u3002 \u6240\u4ee5\u5728\u8fd9\u91cc\u6211\u4eec\u52a0\u4e0a -r \u8fd9\u4e2a\u9009\u9879\u4ee5\u540e\uff0c\u7cfb\u7edf\u5c31\u4f1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u5c06\u8d26\u53f7\u4e0e\u8d26\u53f7\u540c\u540d \u7fa4\u7ec4\u7684 UID\/GID \u90fd\u6307\u5b9a\u5c0f\u4e8e 1000 \u4ee5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u7531\u4e8e\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d26\u53f7\u4e3b\u8981\u662f\u7528\u6765\u8fdb\u884c\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7cfb\u7edf\u6240\u9700\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u6743\u9650\u8bbe\u5b9a\uff0c \u6240\u4ee5\u7cfb\u7edf\u8d26\u53f7\u9ed8\u8ba4\u90fd\u4e0d\u4f1a\u4e3b\u52a8\u5efa\u7acb\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u7684!<\/p> \n <p>\u4f7f\u7528 useradd \u5efa\u7acb\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8d26\u53f7\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u5b9e\u4f1a\u66f4\u6539\u4e0d\u5c11\u5730\u65b9\uff0c\u81f3\u5c11\u6211\u4eec\u5c31 \u77e5\u9053\u5e95\u4e0b\u51e0\u4e2a\u6587\u4ef6:<\/p> \n <ul> \n  <li>\u7528\u6237\u8d26\u53f7\u4e0e\u5bc6\u7801\u53c2\u6570\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6587\u4ef6:\/etc\/passwd, \/etc\/shadow<\/li> \n  <li>\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u7fa4\u7ec4\u76f8\u5173\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u6587\u4ef6:\/etc\/group, \/etc\/gshadow<\/li> \n  <li>\u7528\u6237\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55:\/home\/\u8d26\u53f7\u540d\u79f0<\/li> \n <\/ul> \n <hr \/> \n <ul> \n  <li>useradd\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u6863<\/li> \n <\/ul> \n <p>useradd \u7684\u9ed8\u8ba4\u503c\u53ef\u4ee5\u4f7f\u7528\u5e95\u4e0b\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u547c\u53eb\u51fa\u6765:<\/p> \n <pre><code>[root@study ~]# useradd -D\nGROUP=100 &lt;==\u9884\u8bbe\u7684\u7fa4\u7ec4\nHOME=\/home &lt;==\u9ed8\u8ba4\u7684\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u6240\u5728\u76ee\u5f55\nINACTIVE=-1 &lt;==\u5bc6\u7801\u5931\u6548\u65e5\uff0c\u5728 shadow \u5185\u7684\u7b2c 7 \u680f\nEXPIRE= &lt;==\u8d26\u53f7\u5931\u6548\u65e5\uff0c\u5728 shadow \u5185\u7684\u7b2c 8 \u680f\nSHELL=\/bin\/bash &lt;==\u9884\u8bbe\u7684 shell\nSKEL=\/etc\/skel &lt;==\u7528\u6237\u5bb6\u76ee\u5f55\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u6570\u636e\u53c2\u8003\u76ee\u5f55\nCREATE_MAIL_SPOOL=yes &lt;==\u662f\u5426\u4e3b\u52a8\u5e2e\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u5efa\u7acb\u90ae\u4ef6\u4fe1\u7bb1(mailbox)<\/code><\/pre> \n <p>\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6570\u636e\u5176\u5b9e\u662f\u7531 \/etc\/default\/useradd \u547c\u53eb\u51fa\u6765\u7684!\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u884c\u7528 vim \u53bb\u89c2\u5bdf\u8be5\u6587\u4ef6\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\u3002\u642d\u914d\u4e0a\u5934\u521a\u521a\u8c08\u8fc7\u7684\u8303\u4f8b\u4e00\u7684\u8fd0\u4f5c\u7ed3\u679c\uff0c\u4e0a\u9762\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bbe\u5b9a\u9879\u76ee\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5206\u522b\u662f:<\/p> \n <ul> \n  <li>GROUP=100:\u65b0\u5efa\u8d26\u53f7\u7684\u521d\u59cb\u7fa4\u7ec4\u4f7f\u7528 GID \u4e3a 100 \u8005<\/li> \n <\/ul> \n <p>\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e0a\u9762 GID \u4e3a 100 \u8005\u5373\u662f users \u8fd9\u4e2a\u7fa4\u7ec4\uff0c\u6b64\u8bbe\u5b9a\u9879\u76ee\u6307\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u8ba9\u65b0\u8bbe\u4f7f\u7528\u8005\u8d26","orderid":"0","title":"Linux\u5b66\u4e60-\u8d26\u53f7\u7ba1\u7406(\u4e00)","smalltitle":"","mid":"0","fname":"Linux","special_id":"0","bak_id":"0","info":"0","hits":"2282","pages":"6","comments":"0","posttime":"2017-10-16 18:20:43","list":"1508149243","username":"admin","author":"","copyfrom":"","copyfromurl":"","titlecolor":"","fonttype":"0","titleicon":"0","picurl":"https:\/\/www.cppentry.com\/upload_files\/","ispic":"0","yz":"1","yzer":"","yztime":"0","levels":"0","levelstime":"0","keywords":"<A HREF='https:\/\/www.cppentry.com\/do\/search.php?type=keyword&keyword=Linux' target=_blank>Linux<\/A> <A HREF='https:\/\/www.cppentry.com\/do\/search.php?type=keyword&keyword=%D1%A7%CF%B0' target=_blank>\u5b66\u4e60<\/A> <A HREF='https:\/\/www.cppentry.com\/do\/search.php?type=keyword&keyword=%D5%CB%BA%C5' target=_blank>\u8d26\u53f7<\/A> <A HREF='https:\/\/www.cppentry.com\/do\/search.php?type=keyword&keyword=%B9%DC%C0%ED' target=_blank>\u7ba1\u7406<\/A>","jumpurl":"","iframeurl":"","style":"","template":"a:3:{s:4:\"head\";s:0:\"\";s:4:\"foot\";s:0:\"\";s:8:\"bencandy\";s:0:\"\";}","target":"0","ip":"113.108.110.181","lastfid":"0","money":"0","buyuser":"","passwd":"","allowdown":"","allowview":"","editer":"","edittime":"0","begintime":"0","endtime":"0","description":"Linux\u5b66\u4e60-\u8d26\u53f7\u7ba1\u7406","lastview":"1714059366","digg_num":"2029","digg_time":"0","forbidcomment":"0","ifvote":"0","heart":"","htmlname":"","city_id":"0"},"page":"1"}