\u76ee\u5f55<\/p> \n
- \n
- R \u4e2d\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f<\/a>\n
- \n
- \u4e0d\u52a8\u70b9\u7b97\u6cd5<\/a><\/li> \n
- \u5305\u88c5\u5668\u6a21\u5f0f<\/a><\/li> \n
- \u63a5\u53e3\u6a21\u5f0f<\/a>\n
- \n
- \u67ef\u91cc\u5316\uff08Currying\uff09<\/a><\/li> \n
- \u95ed\u5305\uff08Closures\uff09<\/a><\/li> \n <\/ul><\/li> \n
- \u7f13\u5b58\u6a21\u5f0f<\/a><\/li> \n
- \u8ba1\u6570\u5668\u6a21\u5f0f<\/a><\/li> \n <\/ul><\/li> \n <\/ul> \n <\/div> \n <\/div> \n
R \u4e2d\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h1> \n
\n
\u672c\u6587\u7ffb\u8bd1\u81ea Design Patterns in R<\/em><\/a>\uff08By Sebastian Warnholz\uff09\u3002<\/p> \n <\/blockquote> \n
\u672c\u6587\u7684\u7075\u611f\u6765\u6e90\u4e8e\uff1a<\/p> \n
- \n
- Stuart Sierra \u7684\u6f14\u8bb2<\/strong><\/a>\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u51fd\u6570\u5f0f\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca<\/li> \n
- \u6211\u4ece F# for fun an profit<\/strong><\/a> \u60f3\u5230\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca<\/li> \n
- \u6211\u5728\u4f7f\u7528 R \u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u65b9\u6cd5\u89e3\u51b3\u95ee\u9898\u83b7\u5f97\u7684\u53cd\u9988\u3002<\/li> \n <\/ul> \n
\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f\u4f3c\u4e4e\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u5927\u7684\u8bcd\uff0c\u7279\u522b\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5728\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u7f16\u7a0b\u4e2d\u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\u4f46\u6700\u7ec8\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u5b83\u53ea\u4e0d\u8fc7\u662f\u8f6f\u4ef6\u8bbe\u8ba1\u4e2d\u7684\u53ef\u91cd\u590d\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p> \n
\u4e0d\u52a8\u70b9\u7b97\u6cd5<\/h2> \n
\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u4f7f\u7528 R \u5e76\u4e14\u4ee5\u8ba1\u7b97\u6b63\u6570\u5e73\u65b9\u6839\u7684\u4e0d\u52a8\u70b9\u7b97\u6cd5\u4e3a\u4f8b\u3002\u7b97\u6cd5\u5b9a\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p> \n
\\[ x_{n+1} = f(x_n) \\]<\/span><\/p> \n
\u7528\u4e8e\u5bfb\u627e\u5e73\u65b9\u6839\u7684\u4e0d\u52a8\u70b9\u51fd\u6570\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p> \n
\\[ f(x \\mid p) = \\frac{p}{x} \\]<\/span><\/p> \n
\u8981\u8ba1\u7b97\u7684\u6b63\u662f
p<\/code> \u7684\u5e73\u65b9\u6839\u3002\u7528 R \u4ee3\u7801\u63cf\u8ff0\u7b97\u6cd5\uff1a<\/p> \n
fp <- function(f,\n x,\n converged,\n ...)\n{\n value <- f(x, ...)\n if (converged(x, value)) value\n else Recall(f, value, converged, ...) \n}<\/code><\/pre> \n
x<\/code> \u662f\u521d\u59cb\u503c\u6216\u6700\u540e\u4e00\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u503c\u3002
converged<\/code> \u662f\u6709
arguments<\/code> \u548c
...<\/code> \u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u7684\u51fd\u6570\uff0c
...<\/code> \u7528\u4e8e R \u7684\u201c\u51fd\u6570\u67ef\u91cc\u5316\u201d1<\/sup><\/a>\u3002\u4e0d\u52a8\u70b9\u51fd\u6570\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a<\/p> \n
fpsqrt <- function(x, p) p \/ x<\/code><\/pre> \n
\u5e76\u4e14<\/p> \n
converged <- function(x, y) all(abs(x - y) < 0.001)<\/code><\/pre> \n
\u5f00\u59cb\u8ba1\u7b97\uff1a<\/p> \n
fp(fpsqrt, 2, converged, p = 2)\n\n## Error: eva luation nested too deeply: infinite recursion \/ options(expressions=)?<\/code><\/pre> \n
\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b21\u8fd0\u884c\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u8d77\u4f5c\u7528\u3002\u5728\u76ee\u524d\u7684\u4ee3\u7801\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e2d\u5f88\u96be\u627e\u51fa\u54ea\u91cc\u51fa\u4e86\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u627e\u5230\u7684\u3002\u4e0b\u9762\uff0c\u6211\u5c06\u5e94\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u6765\u4fee\u6539\u4e0a\u8ff0\u6846\u67b6\u4ee5\u83b7\u5f97\u89e3\u51b3\u65b9\u6848\u3002<\/p> \n
\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h2> \n
\u8fd9\u4e2a\u6a21\u5f0f\u662f\u6211\u4ece Stuart Sierra \u7684\u6f14\u8bb2<\/a>\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u6a21\u5f0f<\/em>\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u589e\u52a0\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5374\u4e0d\u6539\u53d8\u539f\u5148\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u6211\u6240\u8981\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u5c31\u662f\u7ed9\u51fd\u6570\u6dfb\u52a0\u65e5\u5fd7\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8bb0\u5f55\u51fd\u6570\u7684\u4fdd\u7559\u5c5e\u6027\uff0cR \u4e2d\u7684\u8bb8\u591a\u51fd\u6570\u5e76\u4e0d\u4f1a\u8fd9\u6837\u505a\u3002\u6709\u65f6\u5019\u8981\u5c1d\u8bd5\u8c03\u7528\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u5e76\u6bcf\u4e24\u5206\u949f\u91cd\u8bd5\u4e00\u6b21\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u8fde\u63a5\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u5931\u8d25\u6216\u6587\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u6ca1\u6709\u54cd\u5e94\u3002<\/p> \n
\u4e00\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u8981\u6709\u5355\u4e00\u3001\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7528\u9014\uff0c\u65e5\u5fd7\u548c\u5199\u5165\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u662f\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b\u3002\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e0b\u4e00\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u4ee5\u53ca\u8bb0\u5f55\u8fed\u4ee3\u6b21\u6570\u4e5f\u662f\u4e24\u4ef6\u4e8b\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u4e2a\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u7528\u4e8e\u8bb0\u5f55\u662f\/\u5426\u7684\u989d\u5916\u53c2\u6570\uff0c\u4e0d\u4f1a\u957f\u671f\u72ec\u7acb\u5b58\u5728\u3002<\/p> \n
\u5728\u6211\u7684\u4e0a\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u9047\u5230\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\u4e0d\u52a8\u70b9\u51fd\u6570\u5728\u4e24\u4e2a\u503c\u4e4b\u95f4\u632f\u8361\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u6536\u655b\u4e8e\u5e73\u65b9\u6839\u3002\u89e3\u51b3\u8fd9\u4e2a\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u4e00\u4e2a\u6280\u5de7\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u5e73\u5747\u963b\u5c3c<\/em>\u3002\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u8bf4\u6211\u4eec\u7528 \\(\\frac{x_{n-1}+x_n}{2}\\)<\/span>\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f \\(x_n\\)<\/span> \u6765\u8ba1\u7b97 \\(x_{n+1}\\)<\/span>\u3002\u8fd9\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4e0d\u662f\u4e0d\u52a8\u70b9\u51fd\u6570\u903b\u8f91\u7684\u4e00\u90e8\u5206\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u903b\u8f91\u4e0d\u5e94\u8be5\u88ab\u5b83\u6c61\u67d3\uff1a<\/p> \n
averageDamp <- function(fun)\n{\n function(x, ...) (x + fun(x, ...)) \/ 2\n}\n\nfp(averageDamp(fpsqrt), 2, converged, p = 2)\n\n## [1] 1.414214<\/code><\/pre> \n
# and to compare:\nsqrt(2) \n \n## [1] 1.414214<\/code><\/pre> \n
OK\uff0c\u770b\u8d77\u6765\u80fd\u8dd1\u901a\u4e86\uff01\u6211\u9700\u8981\u4e00\u4e2a\u989d\u5916\u7684\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u6765\u6253\u5370\u6bcf\u4e00\u6b21\u8fed\u4ee3\u7684\u503c\uff1a<\/p> \n
printValue <- function(fun)\n{\n function(x,\n ...)\n {\n cat(x, "\\n")\n fun(x, ...)\n }\n}\n\nfp(printValue(averageDamp(fpsqrt)), 2, converged, p = 2)<\/code><\/pre> \n
## 2 \n## 1.5 \n## 1.416667 \n## 1.414216<\/code><\/pre> \n
## [1] 1.414214<\/code><\/pre> \n
\u73b0\u5728\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u662f\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u6dfb\u52a0\u592a\u591a\u7684\u5305\u88c5\u5668\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u5c31\u4f1a\u53d8\u5f97\u590d\u6742\u3002\u4e8b\u5b9e\u4e0a\u8bd5\u56fe\u627e\u51fa\u54ea\u4e2a\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u9996\u5148\u88ab\u8c03\u7528\uff0c\u4e5f\u8bb8\u8fd9\u5bf9\u4f60\u6765\u8bf4\u5e76\u4e0d\u660e\u663e\u3002<\/p> \n
\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u6a21\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u5728\u539f\u51fd\u6570\u4e4b\u524d<\/em>\u6216\u4e4b\u540e<\/em>\uff08\u6216\u524d\u540e\u540c\u65f6\uff09\u589e\u52a0\u65b0\u529f\u80fd\u3002
printValue<\/code> \u5728\u539f\u51fd\u6570\u4e4b\u524d\u6dfb\u52a0\u6253\u5370\u529f\u80fd\uff0c
averageDamp<\/code> \u5728\u539f\u51fd\u6570\u4e4b\u540e\u4f5c\u4fee\u6b63\u3002\u5982\u679c\u770b\u5230
averageDamp<\/code> \u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u5b9e\u73b0\uff0c\u6a21\u5f0f\u5c06\u4f1a\u663e\u5f97\u66f4\u52a0\u6e05\u6670\uff1a<\/p> \n
averageDamp <- function(fun)\n{\n function(x, ...)\n {\n value <- fun(x, ...)\n (x + value) \/ 2\n }\n}<\/code><\/pre> \n
\u63a5\u53e3\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h2> \n
\u67ef\u91cc\u5316\uff08Currying\uff09<\/h3> \n
\u4ece\u6211\u7684\u89d2\u5ea6\u6765\u770b\uff0c\u8fd9\u9879\u6280\u672f\u7684\u4ef7\u503c\u5728\u4e8e\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u8f7b\u677e\u5730\u6784\u5efa\u63a5\u53e3\uff08\u5728\u8bed\u8a00\u80fd\u591f\u5145\u5206\u652f\u6301\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff09\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5e73\u65b9\u6839\u7684\u4e0d\u52a8\u70b9\u51fd\u6570\u9700\u8981\u4e24\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8be5\u7b97\u6cd5\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u53ea\u77e5\u9053\u4e00\u4e2a\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u5728\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u67ef\u91cc\u5316\u53ea\u662f\u610f\u5473\u7740\u5c06\u53cc\u53c2\u6570\u51fd\u6570
fpsqrt<\/code> \u53d8\u6210\u5355\u53c2\u6570\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u6211\u4eec\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u8bbe\u7f6e
p = 2<\/code> \u6765\u5b9e\u73b0\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u8fd9\u662f\u6211\u501f\u52a9
...<\/code> \u5b9e\u73b0\u7684\u3002<\/p> \n
\u5728 R \u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u539f\u751f\u9009\u9879\u6765\u6a21\u62df\u67ef\u91cc\u5316\u3002\u901a\u5e38\u770b\u5230\u7684\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u70b9\u53c2\u6570\uff08
...<\/code>\uff09\u6765\u5141\u8bb8\u5c06\u989d\u5916\u7684\u53c2\u6570\u4f20\u9012\u7ed9\u8be5\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u7ed9\u6211\u7684\u6846\u67b6\u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5b9e\u73b0\u90fd\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u989d\u5916\u7684\u8d1f\u62c5\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u6211\u9700\u8981\u8ba9\u6211\u5b9a\u4e49\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u5305\u88c5\u5668\u51fd\u6570\u4f7f\u7528\u70b9\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u53e6\u4e00\u79cd\u9009\u62e9\u662f\u4f7f\u7528\u533f\u540d\u51fd\u6570\u5c06\u539f\u59cb\u7248\u672c\u5c01\u88c5\u5728\u5355\u53c2\u6570\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\uff0c\u5982\u4e0b\u6240\u793a\uff1a<\/p> \n
fp(averageDamp(function(x) fpsqrt(x, p = 2)), 2, converged)\n \n## [1] 1.414214<\/code><\/pre> \n
\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4f9d\u9760\u8fd9\u4e2a\u63a5\u53e3\uff08\u5355\u53c2\u6570\u51fd\u6570\uff09\uff0c\u6211\u53ef\u4ee5\u4e0d\u662f\u7528\u70b9\u53c2\u6570\u3002\u7136\u800c\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u6280\u672f\u7684\u8bed\u6cd5\u652f\u6301\u5728 R \u4e2d\u53d7\u5230\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u8fd9\u5c31\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u4f1a\u51fa\u73b0\u50cf purrr<\/a> \u548c rlist<\/a> \u8fd9\u6837\u7684\u8f6f\u4ef6\u5305\u6765\u8bd5\u56fe\u6539\u5584\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\uff1b\u5305 functional<\/a> \u548c pryr<\/a> \u63d0\u4f9b\u4e13\u95e8\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u7528\u4e8e\u5b9e\u73b0\u67ef\u91cc\u5316\u3002<\/p> \n
\u95ed\u5305\uff08Closures\uff09<\/h3> \n
R \u4e2d\u7684\u6bcf\u4e2a\u51fd\u6570\u90fd\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u95ed\u5305\uff08\u9664\u4e86\u539f\u751f\u51fd\u6570\uff09\u3002\u95ed\u5305\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5177\u6709\u4e0e\u4e4b\u76f8\u5173\u73af\u5883\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0cR \u5305\u4e2d\u7684\u51fd\u6570\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u5305\u7684\u540d\u79f0\u7a7a\u95f4\uff0c\u6216\u5728\u9762\u5411\u5bf9\u8c61\u65f6\u7c7b\u4e2d\u7684\u65b9\u6cd5\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bbf\u95ee\u6574\u4e2a\u7c7b\u3002\u4f46\u662f\u901a\u5e38\u8fd9\u4e2a\u672f\u8bed\u662f\u5728\u4ece\u5176\u4ed6\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u8fd4\u56de\u51fd\u6570\u65f6\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\uff08\u6bcf\u5f53\u4f60\u8bd5\u56fe\u5bf9\u95ed\u5305\u8fdb\u884c\u5b50\u96c6\u5316\u65f6\uff0c\u9664\u4e86 R \u7684\u9519\u8bef\u6d88\u606f\u5916\uff09\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u5bf9\u6b64\u8fd8\u4e0d\u4e86\u89e3\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u9605\u8bfb\u8fd9\u7bc7\u6587\u7ae0<\/a>\u6216\u300aAdvanced R\u300b<\/a>\u7684\u76f8\u5173\u7ae0\u8282\u3002<\/p> \n
\u6211\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4f7f\u7528\u95ed\u5305\u6765\u4e3a\u7ed9\u5b9a\u7684
p<\/code> \u503c\u91cd\u65b0\u5b9a\u4e49\u5e73\u65b9\u6839\u7684\u4e0d\u52a8\u70b9\u51fd\u6570\u3002\u6211\u8ba4\u4e3a\u53ea\u6709\u901a\u8fc7\u4ee5\u4e0b\u5b9e\u65bd\u624d\u80fd\u5f3a\u8c03\u7ed9\u5b9a
p<\/code> \u503c<\/em>\uff1a<\/p> \n
fpsqrt <- function(p)\n{\n function(x) p \/ x\n}<\/code><\/pre> \n
\u8fd9\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\u4f7f\u7b97\u6cd5\u7684\u8c03\u7528\u66f4\u52a0\u7b80\u6d01\uff1a<\/p> \n
fp(averageDamp(fpsqrt(2)), 2, converged)\n\n## [1] 1.414214<\/code><\/pre> \n
\u7f13\u5b58\u6a21\u5f0f<\/h2> \n
\u5728\u5404\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u6211\u90fd\u60f3\u7f13\u5b58\u4e00\u4e9b\u7ed3\u679c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u91cd\u65b0\u8ba1\u7b97\u5b83\u4eec\u3002\u8fd9\u662f\u56e0\u4e3a\u6027\u80fd\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u8003\u8651\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u65e0\u8bba\u4f7f\u7528\u54ea\u4e2a\u5e93\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u77e9\u9635\u9006\u7684\u65f6\u95f4\u5173\u4e8e\u6837\u672c\u5927\u5c0f\u90fd\u4e0d\u662f\u7ebf\u6027\u7684\u3002\u5982\u679c\u4f60\u6709 10000 \u4e2a\u89c2\u5bdf\u503c\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u8981\u8ba1\u7b97\u5728\u8499\u7279\u5361\u7f57\u6a21\u62df\u4e2d\u5f97\u5230\u7684\u534f\u65b9\u5dee\u77e9\u9635\uff08\\(10000 \\times 10000\\)<\/span>\uff09\u7684\u9006\uff0c\u4f60\u6709\u5f97\u597d\u7b49\u4e86\u3002\u4e3a\u4e86\u8bf4\u660e\u8fd9\u4e00\u70b9\uff0c\u6211\u8bbe\u60f3\u8ba1\u7b97\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ebf\u6027\u4f30\u8ba1\u91cf\u3002\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4f30\u8ba1\u91cf\u53ef\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u89e3\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\u6765\u5f97\u5230\uff0c\u4f46\u6211\u4f7f\u7528\u4e86\u4e0d\u52a8\u70b9\u7b97\u6cd5\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u4e0d\u52a8\u70b9\u51fd\u6570\u4e2d\u6211\u4f7f\u7528 Newton-Raphson \u7b97\u6cd5\uff0c\u5b9a\u4e49\u5982\u4e0b\uff1a
\\[ \\beta_{n+1} = \\beta_n - (f'' (\\beta_n))^{-1} f'(\\beta_n) \\]<\/span>
\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c
\\[ f'(\\beta) = X^\\to","orderid":"0","title":"\u3010\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3011R \u4e2d\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f(\u4e00)","smalltitle":"","mid":"0","fname":"R\u8bed\u8a00","special_id":"0","bak_id":"0","info":"0","hits":"439","pages":"3","comments":"0","posttime":"2019-09-03 02:41:31","list":"1567449691","username":"admin","author":"","copyfrom":"","copyfromurl":"","titlecolor":"","fonttype":"0","titleicon":"0","picurl":"https:\/\/www.cppentry.com\/upload_files\/","ispic":"0","yz":"1","yzer":"","yztime":"0","levels":"0","levelstime":"0","keywords":"\u7ffb\u8bd1<\/A> \u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f<\/A>","jumpurl":"","iframeurl":"","style":"","template":"a:3:{s:4:\"head\";s:0:\"\";s:4:\"foot\";s:0:\"\";s:8:\"bencandy\";s:0:\"\";}","target":"0","ip":"120.229.33.54","lastfid":"0","money":"0","buyuser":"","passwd":"","allowdown":"","allowview":"","editer":"","edittime":"0","begintime":"0","endtime":"0","description":"\u3010\u7ffb\u8bd1\u3011R \u4e2d\u7684\u8bbe\u8ba1\u6a21\u5f0f","lastview":"1714120776","digg_num":"0","digg_time":"0","forbidcomment":"0","ifvote":"0","heart":"","htmlname":"","city_id":"0"},"page":"1"} - \u6211\u4ece F# for fun an profit<\/strong><\/a> \u60f3\u5230\u7684\u60f3\u6cd5\uff1b\u4ee5\u53ca<\/li> \n
- \u95ed\u5305\uff08Closures\uff09<\/a><\/li> \n <\/ul><\/li> \n
- \u5305\u88c5\u5668\u6a21\u5f0f<\/a><\/li> \n
- \u4e0d\u52a8\u70b9\u7b97\u6cd5<\/a><\/li> \n