Mysql研究之SQL语言的设计与编写完全解析(二)

2014-11-23 23:40:24 · 作者: · 浏览: 24

6、多表查询(连接查询),比较常用 #ambiguous

e.g. selectcats.name,products.name from cats,products;

selectc.name cname,c.desn cdesn,p.name pname,p.price,p.desn pdesn,p.numfrom carts c,products as p;#将A表中的记录与B表中的记录依次匹配,得到A*B种结果【笛卡尔乘积】,该结果是没有意义的。

selectc.name cname,c.desn cdesn,p.name pname,p.price,p.desn pdesn,p.numfrom carts c,products as p where c.id=p.cid;

selectc.name cname,c.desn cdesn,p.name pname,p.price,p.desn pdesn,p.numfrom carts c,products as p where c.id=p.cid and c.id=3;

selecta.id aid,a.name aname,b.id bid,b.name bname from cats a,catsb; #将单表分为多表,进行查询

selecta.id aid,a.name aname,b.id bid,b.name bname from cats a,cats b wherea.pid = b.id;

7、嵌套查询子查询

e.g. select* from products where cid in(select id from carts where name regexp’^j’) ;

select* from products where cid in(select id from carts where name like’j%’); #作用相同

8、orderby 字段 [asc正序]desc倒序

e.g. select* from order by name;

select* from order by price; #按价格非递减排序

select* from order by price desc; #非递增排序

select* from where cid > 5 order by price desc; #与where结合使用

9、limitcount【限制显示个数】

e.g. select* from limit 7;

select* from order by id desc limit 7;

select* from where id < 10 order by id desc limit 7;

select* from where id > 14 order by id asc limit 0,1; #limit0,1表示从第0个开始取,取1个

10、groupby 字段【分组】

常用函数:

count() #一个字段的总数

sum()

avg()#平均值

max()

min()

e.g. selectcount(*),sum(price),avg(price),max(price),min(price) from products;

selectcid,count(price),sum(price),avg(price),max(price),min (price) fromproducts group by cid;

selectcid,count(price),sum(price),avg(price),max(price),min (price) fromproducts group by cid having avg(price) > 50; #加having条件,与where类似

#having必须与gropby结合才能使用