Oracle数据库相关的并行参数：
SQL> show parameter parallel
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ---------------------- --------------------
fast_start_parallel_rollback string LOW
parallel_adaptive_multi_user boolean TRUE
parallel_automatic_tuning boolean FALSE
parallel_degree_limit string CPU
parallel_degree_policy string MANUAL
parallel_execution_message_size integer 16384
parallel_force_local boolean FALSE
parallel_instance_group string
parallel_io_cap_enabled boolean FALSE
parallel_max_servers integer 135
parallel_min_percent integer 0
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ---------------------- --------------------
parallel_min_servers integer 0
parallel_min_time_threshold string AUTO
parallel_server boolean FALSE
parallel_server_instances integer 1
parallel_servers_target integer 64
parallel_threads_per_cpu integer 2
recovery_parallelism integer 0
下面是实际Oracle RAC环境下，Oracle并行参数的设置，我们将优先讨论这些参数：
*.parallel_adaptive_multi_user=FALSE
*.parallel_execution_message_size=16384
*.parallel_max_servers=240
*.parallel_min_servers=0
*.parallel_threads_per_cpu=1
PARALLEL_ADAPTIVE_MULTI_USER, when set to true, enables an adaptive algorithm designed to improve performance in multiuser environments that use parallel execution. The algorithm automatically reduces the requested degree of parallelism based on the system load at query startup time. The effective degree of parallelism is based on the default degree of parallelism, or the degree from the table or hints, divided by a reduction factor.
当PARALLEL_ADAPTIVE_MULTI_USER参数设置为TRUE，启用设计的适当算法，在多用户环境下使用并行执行提升性能。这个算法基于查询开始时的系统负载自动减少请求的并行度。有效的并行度是基于默认的并行度，或者来自表或HINT的并行度，通过减少系数进行分割。
The algorithm assumes that the system has been tuned for optimal performance in a single-user environment.
算法假定系统在单用户环境下按照最优性能被调整。
Tables and hints use the default degree of parallelism.
表和HINT使用默认的并行度。
PARALLEL_MAX_SERVERS specifies the maximum number of parallel execution processes and parallel recovery processes for an instance. As demand increases, Oracle Database increases the number of processes from the number created at instance startup up to this value.
PARALLEL_MAX_SERVERS指定实例最大并行执行进程和并行恢复进程数。随着增长需求，Oracle数据库需要增加进程数，从实例启动时创建的数目到增长值。
In the formula, the value assigned to concurrent_parallel_users running at the default degree of parallelism on an instance is dependent on the memory management setting. If automatic memory management is disabled (manual mode), then the value of concurrent_parallel_users is 1. If PGA automatic memory management is enabled, then the value of concurrent_parallel_users is 2. If global memory management or SGA memory target is used in addition to PGA automatic memory management, then the value of concurrent_parallel_users is 4.
根据上面的公式，分配给concurrent_parallel_users的值，运行在实例的默认并行度依赖于内存管理设置。如果禁用自动内存管理（手动模式），那么c