数据切分――Mysql分区表的建立及性能分析 - 数据库编程

1.检查你的Mysql是否支持分区

mysql> SHOW VARIABLES LIKE '%partition%';

若结果如下，表示你的Mysql支持表分区:

+-----------------------+-------+

       | Variable_name         | Value |

       +-----------------------+-------+

       | have_partition_engine | YES   |

       +-----------------------+-------+

       1 row in set (0.00 sec)

RANGE分区表创建方式：

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `my_orders`;
CREATE TABLE `my_orders` (
  `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '表主键',
  `pid` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT '产品ID',
  `price` decimal(15,2) NOT NULL COMMENT '单价',
  `num` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '购买数量',
  `uid` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT '客户ID',
  `atime` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '下单时间',
  `utime` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '修改时间',
  `isdel` tinyint(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '软删除标识',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`,`atime`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8

/*********分区信息**************/
PARTITION BY RANGE (YEAR(atime))
(
   PARTITION p0 VALUES LESS THAN (2016),
   PARTITION p1 VALUES LESS THAN (2017),
   PARTITION p2 VALUES LESS THAN MAXVALUE
);

以上是一个简单的订单表，分区字段是atime,根据RANGE分区，这样当你向该表中插入数据的时候，Mysql会根据YEAR(atime)的值进行分区存储。

检查分区是否创建成功，执行查询语句：

EXPLAIN PARTITIONS SELECT * FROM `my_orders`

若成功，结果如下：

性能分析：

1）.创建同样表结构，但没有进行分区的表

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `my_order`;
CREATE TABLE `my_order` (
  `id` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT COMMENT '表主键',
  `pid` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT '产品ID',
  `price` decimal(15,2) NOT NULL COMMENT '单价',
  `num` int(11) NOT NULL COMMENT '购买数量',
  `uid` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL COMMENT '客户ID',
  `atime` datetime NOT NULL COMMENT '下单时间',
  `utime` int(10) unsigned NOT NULL DEFAULT 0 COMMENT '修改时间',
  `isdel` tinyint(4) NOT NULL DEFAULT '0' COMMENT '软删除标识',
  PRIMARY KEY (`id`,`atime`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

2）.向两张表中插入相同的数据

/**************************向分区表插入数据****************************/
INSERT INTO my_orders(`pid`,`price`,`num`,`uid`,`atime`) VALUES(1,12.23,1,89757,CURRENT_TIMESTAMP());
INSERT INTO my_orders(`pid`,`price`,`num`,`uid`,`atime`) VALUES(1,12.23,1,89757,'2016-05-01 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO my_orders(`pid`,`price`,`num`,`uid`,`atime`) VALUES(1,12.23,1,89757,'2017-05-01 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO my_orders(`pid`,`price`,`num`,`uid`,`atime`) VALUES(1,12.23,1,89757,'2018-05-01 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO my_orders(`pid`,`price`,`num`,`uid`,`atime`) VALUES(1,12.23,1,89756,'2015-05-01 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO my_orders(`pid`,`price`,`num`,`uid`,`atime`) VALUES(1,12.23,1,89756,'2016-05-01 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO my_orders(`pid`,`price`,`num`,`uid`,`atime`) VALUES(1,12.23,1,89756,'2017-05-01 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO my_orders(`pid`,`price`,`num`,`uid`,`atime`) VALUES(1,12.23,1,89756,'2018-05-01 00:00:00');

/**************************向未分区表插入数据****************************/
INSERT INTO my_order(`pid`,`price`,`num`,`uid`,`atime`) VALUES(1,12.23,1,89757,CURRENT_TIMESTAMP());
INSERT INTO my_order(`pid`,`price`,`num`,`uid`,`atime`) VALUES(1,12.23,1,89757,'2016-05-01 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO my_order(`pid`,`price`,`num`,`uid`,`atime`) VALUES(1,12.23,1,89757,'2017-05-01 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO my_order(`pid`,`price`,`num`,`uid`,`atime`) VALUES(1,12.23,1,89757,'2018-05-01 00:00:00');
INSERT INTO my_order(`pid`,`price`,`num`,`uid`,`atime`) V

数据切分――Mysql分区表的建立及性能分析(一)