Oracle分区索引 - 数据库编程

分区索引(或索引分区)主要是针对分区表而言的。随着数据量的不断增长，普通的堆表需要转换到分区表，其索引呢，则对应的转换到分区索引。分区索引的好处是显而易见的。就是简单地把一个索引分成多个片断，在获取所需数据时，只需要访问更小的索引片断(块)即可实现。同时把分区放在不同的表空间可以提高分区的可用性和可靠性。本文主要描述了分区索引的相关特性并给出演示示例。

1、分区索引的相关概念

无前缀索引：

2、本地分区索引演示

--环境
SQL> select * from v$version where rownum<2;

BANNER
----------------------------------------------------------------
Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.3.0 - 64bi

SQL> create user leshami identified by xxx;

SQL> grant dba to leshami;

--创建演示需要用到的表空间
SQL> create tablespace tbs_tmp datafile '/u02/database/SYBO2/oradata/tbs_tmp.dbf' size 10m autoextend on;

SQL> alter user leshami default tablespace tbs_tmp;

SQL> create tablespace tbs1 datafile '/u02/database/SYBO2/oradata/tbs1.dbf' size 10m autoextend on;

SQL> create tablespace tbs2 datafile '/u02/database/SYBO2/oradata/tbs2.dbf' size 10m autoextend on;

SQL> create tablespace tbs3 datafile '/u02/database/SYBO2/oradata/tbs3.dbf' size 10m autoextend on;

SQL> create tablespace idx1 datafile '/u02/database/SYBO2/oradata/idx1.dbf' size 10m autoextend on;

SQL> create tablespace idx2 datafile '/u02/database/SYBO2/oradata/idx2.dbf' size 10m autoextend on;

SQL> create tablespace idx3 datafile '/u02/database/SYBO2/oradata/idx3.dbf' size 10m autoextend on;

SQL> conn leshami/xxx

-- 创建一个lookup表
CREATE TABLE lookup (
  id            NUMBER(10),
  description   VARCHAR2(50)
);

--添加主键约束
ALTER TABLE lookup ADD (
  CONSTRAINT lookup_pk PRIMARY KEY (id)
);

--插入数据
INSERT INTO lookup (id, description) VALUES (1, 'ONE');
INSERT INTO lookup (id, description) VALUES (2, 'TWO');
INSERT INTO lookup (id, description) VALUES (3, 'THREE');
COMMIT;

CREATE TABLE big_table (
  id            NUMBER(10),
  created_date  DATE,
  lookup_id     NUMBER(10),
  data          VARCHAR2(50)
)
PARTITION BY RANGE (created_date)
(PARTITION big_table_2012 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01/01/2013', 'DD/MM/YYYY')) tablespace tbs1,
 PARTITION big_table_2013 VALUES LESS THAN (TO_DATE('01/01/2014', 'DD/MM/YYYY')) tablespace tbs2,
 PARTITION big_table_2014 VALUES LESS THAN (MAXVALUE)tablespace tbs3 ) ;
 
--填充数据到分区表
DECLARE
  l_lookup_id    lookup.id%TYPE;
  l_create_date  DATE;
BEGIN
  FOR i IN 1 .. 10000 LOOP
    IF MOD(i, 3) = 0 THEN
      l_create_date := ADD_MONTHS(SYSDATE, -24);
      l_lookup_id   := 2;
    ELSIF MOD(i, 2) = 0 THEN
      l_create_date := ADD_MONTHS(SYSDATE, -12);
      l_lookup_id   := 1;
    ELSE
      l_create_date := SYSDATE;
      l_lookup_id   := 3;
    END IF;
    
    INSERT INTO big_table (id, created_date, lookup_id, data)
    VALUES (i, l_create_date, l_lookup_id, 'This is some data for ' || i);
  END LOOP;
  COMMIT;
END;
/ 

--未指定索引分区及存储表空间情形下创建索引
SQL> CREATE INDEX bita_created_date_i ON big_table(created_date) LOCAL;

Index created.

SQL> select index_name, partitioning_type, partition_count from user_part_indexes;

INDEX_NAME                     PARTITI PARTITION_COUNT
------------------------------ ------- ---------------
BITA_CREATED_DATE_I            RANGE                 3

--Author : Leshami
--Blog   : http://blog.csdn.net/leshami

--从下面的查询可知，索引直接存放到分表表对应的表空间
SQL> select partition_name, high_value, tablespace_name from user_ind_partitions;

PARTITION_NAME                 HIGH_VALUE                               TABLESPACE_NAME
------------------------------ ---------------------------------------- ------------------------------
BIG_TABLE_2014                 MAXVALUE                                 TBS3
BIG_TABLE_2013                 TO_DATE(' 2014-01-01 00:00:00', 'SYYYY-M TBS2
                               M-DD HH24:M

Oracle分区索引(一)