面试笔试常考的MySQL数据库操作group by

2014-11-24 17:15:49 · 作者: · 浏览: 1

IT 面试中,数据库的相关问题基本上属于必考问题,而其中关于sql语句也是经常考察的一个重要知识点。


下面介绍下sql语句中一个比较重要的操作group by,他的重要行一方面体现在他的理解困难度,一方面体现应用中的长见性。


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首先,给出一个studnet学生表:


CREATE TABLE `student` (
`id` int(11) NOT NULL AUTO_INCREMENT,
`name` varchar(30) DEFAULT NULL,
`sex` tinyint(1) DEFAULT '0',
`score` int(10) NOT NULL,
`dept` varchar(10) DEFAULT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (`id`)
) ENGINE=MyISAM AUTO_INCREMENT=8 DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8


添加一些测试数据:


mysql> select * from student where id<10;
+----+------+------+-------+---------+
| id | name | sex | score | dept |
+----+------+------+-------+---------+
| 1 | a | 1 | 90 | dev |
| 2 | b | 1 | 90 | dev |
| 3 | b | 0 | 88 | design |
| 4 | c | 0 | 60 | sales |
| 5 | c | 0 | 89 | sales |
| 6 | d | 1 | 100 | product |
+----+------+------+-------+---------+


给出需求,写出sql:


给出各个部门最高学生的分数。


要想得到各个部门学生,首先就要分组,按照部门把他们分组,然后在各个部门中找到分数最高的就可以了。


所以sql语句为:


mysql> select *, max(score) as max from student group by dept order by name;
+----+------+------+-------+---------+------+
| id | name | sex | score | dept | max |
+----+------+------+-------+---------+------+
| 1 | a | 1 | 90 | dev | 90 |
| 3 | b | 0 | 88 | design | 88 |
| 4 | c | 0 | 60 | sales | 89 |
| 6 | d | 1 | 100 | product | 100 |
+----+------+------+-------+---------+------+
4 rows in set (0.00 sec)


这只是个简单的例子,我们可以再把这个例子复杂化,比如分数最高的必须是女生,即sex列值必须为1才挑选出,这时的sql语句应该为:


mysql> select *,max(score) as max from student group by dept having sex='1' order by name;
+----+------+------+-------+---------+------+
| id | name | sex | score | dept | max |
+----+------+------+-------+---------+------+
| 1 | a | 1 | 90 | dev | 90 |
| 6 | d | 1 | 100 | product | 100 |
+----+------+------+-------+---------+------+
2 rows in set (0.46 sec)


这里我们没有用where语句而是用了having,这里简单说明一下,因为我们的条件是在分组后进行的,其实分组前挑选出sex='1',然后再按照dept部门分组,也是可行的,这里就要看题目是怎么要求的:


mysql> select *,max(score) as max from student where sex='1' group by dept order by name;
+----+------+------+-------+---------+------+
| id | name | sex | score | dept | max |
+----+------+------+-------+---------+------+
| 1 | a | 1 | 90 | dev | 90 |
| 6 | d | 1 | 100 | product | 100 |
+----+------+------+-------+---------+------+
2 rows in set (0.05 sec)