在Ubuntu下安装Oracle Instant Client

2014-11-24 17:59:04 · 作者: · 浏览: 1

下面是具体步骤。



安装完成之后,还需要暴露一些环境变量,否则会报错:
* import cx_Oracle gave ImportError: libclntsh.so.10.1: cannot open shared object file: No such file or directory until I set LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/lib/oracle/xe/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/server/lib/
* conn = cx_Oracle.Connection('scott/tiger@xe') gave RuntimeError: Unable to acquire Oracle environment handle until I set ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/xe/app/oracle/product/10.2.0/server



forrest@ubuntu:~/Sources$ sudo vim ~/.profile
在最后添加如下语句:
export ORACLE_HOME=/usr/lib/oracle/10.2.0.4/client64
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$LD_LIBRARY_PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/lib
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_HOME/network/admin



注意到TNS_ADMIN所在目录其实并不存在,是要自己创建的(这个也很恶心,我一开始以为还要安装什么东东。。)
$ sudo mkdir -p $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin
$ sudo cp tnsnames.ora $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin


如果你有安装sqlplus,此时就可以用它来测试安装是否正确了:
$ sqlplus 'username/password@SID'


不过linux下的sqlplus太烂,我没打算安装,所以留着吧,接下去安装python模块——cx_Oracle——参考Install cx_Oracle in ubuntu(http://leojay.blog.163.com/blog/static/1739841912009101165546640/)
到SourceForge搜索cx_Oracle,根据我的python版本和要操作的数据库版本,选择了cx_Oracle-5.1-10g-py26-1.x86_64.rpm这个版本,只能说我相信高版本是向后兼容的。先试一下吧,呵呵。
下完之后解压,将cx_Oracle.so放在dist-packages下:
$ sudo cp cx_Oracle.so /usr/local/lib/python2.6/dist-packages/
这样就OK了。
写个简单的测试程序测试一下吧:
#!bin/python
import cx_Oracle


conn = cx_Oracle.connect('user/passwd@sid')


cursor = conn.cursor()
cursor.execute("SELECT * from product_detail where product_id = 232896483")
row = cursor.fetchone()
print "result: ", row


cursor.close()
conn.close()


如果没有问题应该就可以看到结果了。这时候一般会遇到这样的问题:
forrest@ubuntu:~/work/data-migration$ python oracledb.py
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "oracledb.py", line 5, in
conn = cx_Oracle.connect(''user/passwd@sid')
cx_Oracle.DatabaseError: ORA-12514: TNS:listener does not currently know of service requested in connect descriptor
查看一下你的/usr/lib/oracle/10.2.0.4/client64/network/admin/tnsnames.ora配置文件,确保sid是配置正确的。
或者直接使用host:port/schema方式:
conn = cx_Oracle.connect('user/passwd@host:port/schema')



如果有其他问题,可以在/usr/lib/oracle/10.2.0.4/client64/network/admin下添加一个sqlnet.ora文件,以trace方式运行:
If for some reason you have some trouble connecting, you can create a sqlnet.ora file under $ORACLE_HOME with some tracing options.
$ sudo vi $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin/sqlnet.ora
TRACE_DIRECTORY_CLIENT=/tmp
TRACE_LEVEL_CLIENT=SUPPORT



The next time the Oracle Instant Client is used, it will create a detailed log file under /tmp like the following: cli_1968.trc. Make sure to turn this option off when you are done as the logfile can get quite large!


PS:目前看来cx_Oracle还是有向下兼容的。希望如此,搞个环境比写个程序麻烦多了。