也许每一个男子全都有过这样的两个女人，至少两个。娶了红玫瑰，久而久之，红的变了墙上的一抹蚊子血，白的还是床前明月光；娶了白玫瑰，白的便是衣服上沾的一粒饭黏子，红的却是心口上一颗朱砂痣。--张爱玲《红玫瑰与白玫瑰》

Selenium一直都是Python开源自动化浏览器工具的王者，但这两年微软开源的PlayWright异军突起，后来者居上，隐隐然有撼动Selenium江湖地位之势，本次我们来对比PlayWright与Selenium之间的差异，看看曾经的玫瑰花Selenium是否会变成蚊子血。

PlayWright的安装和使用

PlayWright是由业界大佬微软(Microsoft)开源的端到端 Web 测试和自动化库，可谓是大厂背书，功能满格，虽然作为无头浏览器，该框架的主要作用是测试 Web 应用，但事实上，无头浏览器更多的是用于 Web 抓取目的，也就是爬虫。

首先终端运行安装命令：

pip3 install playwright

程序返回：

Successfully built greenlet  
Installing collected packages: pyee, greenlet, playwright  
  Attempting uninstall: greenlet  
    Found existing installation: greenlet 2.0.2  
    Uninstalling greenlet-2.0.2:  
      Successfully uninstalled greenlet-2.0.2  
Successfully installed greenlet-2.0.1 playwright-1.30.0 pyee-9.0.4

目前最新稳定版为1.30.0

随后可以选择直接安装浏览器驱动：

playwright install

程序返回：

Downloading Chromium 110.0.5481.38 (playwright build v1045) from https://playwright.azureedge.net/builds/chromium/1045/chromium-mac-arm64.zip  
123.8 Mb [====================] 100% 0.0s  
Chromium 110.0.5481.38 (playwright build v1045) downloaded to /Users/liuyue/Library/Caches/ms-playwright/chromium-1045  
Downloading FFMPEG playwright build v1008 from https://playwright.azureedge.net/builds/ffmpeg/1008/ffmpeg-mac-arm64.zip  
1 Mb [====================] 100% 0.0s  
FFMPEG playwright build v1008 downloaded to /Users/liuyue/Library/Caches/ms-playwright/ffmpeg-1008  
Downloading Firefox 108.0.2 (playwright build v1372) from https://playwright.azureedge.net/builds/firefox/1372/firefox-mac-11-arm64.zip  
69.8 Mb [====================] 100% 0.0s  
Firefox 108.0.2 (playwright build v1372) downloaded to /Users/liuyue/Library/Caches/ms-playwright/firefox-1372  
Downloading Webkit 16.4 (playwright build v1767) from https://playwright.azureedge.net/builds/webkit/1767/webkit-mac-12-arm64.zip  
56.9 Mb [====================] 100% 0.0s  
Webkit 16.4 (playwright build v1767) downloaded to /Users/liuyue/Library/Caches/ms-playwright/webkit-1767

默认会下载Chromium内核、Firefox以及Webkit驱动。

其中使用最广泛的就是基于Chromium内核的浏览器，最负盛名的就是Google的Chrome和微软自家的Edge。

确保当前电脑安装了Edge浏览器，让我们小试牛刀一把：

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright  
import time  
with sync_playwright() as p:  
    browser = p.chromium.launch(channel="msedge", headless=True)  
    page = browser.new_page()  
    page.goto('http:/v3u.cn')  
    page.screenshot(path=f'./example-v3u.png')
    time.sleep(5)
    browser.close()

这里导入sync_playwright模块，顾名思义，同步执行，通过上下文管理器开启浏览器进程。

随后通过channel指定edge浏览器，截图后关闭浏览器进程：

我们也可以指定headless参数为True，让浏览器再后台运行：

from playwright.sync_api import sync_playwright  
with sync_playwright() as p:  
    browser = p.chromium.launch(channel="msedge", headless=True)  
    page = browser.new_page()  
    page.goto('http:/v3u.cn')  
    page.screenshot(path=f'./example-v3u.png')  
    browser.close()

除了同步模式，PlayWright也支持异步非阻塞模式：

import asyncio  
from playwright.async_api import async_playwright  
  
async def main():  
    async with async_playwright() as p:  
        browser = await p.chromium.launch(channel="msedge", headless=False)  
        page = await browser.new_page()  
        await page.goto("http://v3u.cn")  
        print(await page.title())  
        await browser.close()  
  
asyncio.run(main())

可以通过原生协程库asyncio进行调用，PlayWright内置函数只需要添加await关键字即可，非常方便，与之相比，Selenium