The concept of overloading in PL/SQL relates to the idea that you can define procedures and functions with the same name. PL/SQL does not look only at the referenced name, however, to resolve a procedure or function call. The count and data types of formal parameters are also considered.

PL/SQL also attempts to resolve any procedure or function calls in locally defined packages before looking at globally defined packages or internal functions. To further ensure calling the proper procedure, you can use the dot notation. Prefacing a procedure or function name with the package name fully qualifies any procedure or function reference.

a) Are totally unnormalised

b) Are always in 1NF

c) Can be further denormalised

d) May have multi-valued attributes

(b) Are always in 1NF

i. Bad normalization

ii. Theta joins

iii. Updating tables from join

a) i & ii b) ii & iii

c) i & iii d) ii & iii

(a) i & iii because theta joins are joins made on keys that are not primary keys.

AB -> B

AC -> C

C -> B

a) is in 1NF

b) is in 2NF

c) is in 3NF

d) is in BCNF

(a) is in 1NF since (AC)⁺ = { A, B, C} hence AC is the primary key. Since C B is a FD given, where neither C is a Key nor B is a prime attribute, this it is not in 3NF. Further B is not functionally dependent on key AC thus it is not in 2NF. Thus the given FDs is in 1NF.

a) entities in ERD should correspond to an existing entity/store in DFD

b) entity in DFD is converted to attributes of an entity in ERD

c) relations in ERD has 1 to 1 correspondence to processes in DFD

d) relationships in ERD has 1 to 1 correspondence to flows in DFD

(a) entities in ERD should correspond to an existing entity/store in DFD

a) on the N side in a 1 : N relationship

b) on the 1 side in a 1 : N relationship

c) on either side in a 1 : 1 relationship

d) nothing to do with 1 : 1 or 1 : N relationship

(b) on the 1 side in a 1 : N relationship

CUSTOMER Union Select ‘EAST’, CUSTOMER From CUST_DTLS Where REGION = ‘E’ Order By CUSTOMER

The above is

a) Not an error

b) Error – the string in single quotes ‘NORTH’ and ‘SOUTH’

c) Error – the string should be in double quotes

d) Error - ORDER BY clause

(d) Error – the ORDER BY clause. Since ORDER BY clause cannot be used in UNIONS

It is a program module that provides the interface between the low-level data stored in database, application programs and queries submitted to the system.

It is a program module, which is responsible for fetching data from disk storage into main memory and deciding what data to be cache in memory.

It is a program module, which ensures that database, remains in a consistent state despite system failures and concurrent transaction execution proceeds without conflicting.

It is a program module, which manages the allocation of space on disk storage and data structure used to represent information stored on a disk.

It is the program module, which tests for the satisfaction of integrity constraint and checks the authority of user to access data.

Procedures that are not part of a package are known as stand-alone because they independently defined. A good example of a stand-alone procedure is one written in a SQL*Forms application. These types of procedures are not available for reference from other Oracle tools. Another limitation of stand-alone procedures is that they are compiled at run time, which slows execution.