and logic Black-box test design is usually described as focusing on testing functional requirements. The test designer selects valid and invalid input and determines the correct output. There is no knowledge of the test object’s internal structure 22 valuetype and reference in c# Value Type: In value type the value is stored on the stack and can be used directly. This means the copy of the value is stored and not the reference to the value. Value type cannot be null, default value for this is zero [0]. Memory of variables in value type is automatically freed. The value of value types are stored on the managed stack, and can be used directly. This means that the value is stored, and not a reference to the value. This also means that each value type has its own copy of the data. Reference Types on the other hand has a reference to the data, and several variables can reference the same data. Reference Types In contrast to value types, the value of a reference types is allocated on the heap. This means the actual value is stored and not the copy of it. Reference type can be null and memory of the variables are not automatically freed , it needs a garbage collector to do this. delegate Defines a reference type that can encapsulate one or more methods with a specific function prototype. Delegates provide the underlying mechanism (acting as a kind of pointer to member function) for events in the common language runtime component model.
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