38. Q. What metacharacter is used to do the following:
1.1 Move up one level higher in the directory tree structure
1.2 Specify all the files ending in .txt
1.3 Specify one character
1.4 Redirect input from a file
1.5 Redirect the output and append it to a file
A.
1. 1.1 double-dot or ..
1.2 asterisk or *
1.3 question or
1.4 double greater than sign: >>
1.5 the less than sign or <

39. Q. List all the files beginning with A
A. To list all the files beginning with A command: ls A*

40. Q. Which of the quoting or escape characters allows the dollar sign ($) to retain its special meaning
A. The double quote (“) allows the dollar sign ($) to retain its special meaning.
Both the backslash (\) and single quote (‘) would remove the special meaning of the dollar sign.

41. Q. What is a faster way to do the same command
mv fileO.txt newdir
mv filel.txt newdir
mv file2.txt newdir
mv file3.txt newdir
A. A shortcut method would be: mv file .txt newdir

42. Q. List two ways to create a new file:
A.
a. Copy a file to make a new file.
b. Use the output operator e.g. ls -l > newfile.txt

43. Q. What is the difference between > and >> operators
A. The operator > either overwrites the existing file (WITHOUT WARNING) or creates a new file.
The operator >> either adds the new contents to the end of an existing file or creates a new file.

44. Write the command to do the following:
44.1 Redirect the output from the directory listing to a printer.
44.2 Add the file efg.txt to the end of the file abc.txt.
44.3 The file testdata feeds information into the file called program
44.4 Observe the contents of the file called xyz.txt using MORE.
44.5 Observe a directory listing that is four screens long.
A.
44.1 ls > lpr
44.2 cat efg.txt >> abc.txt
44.3 program < testdata
44.4 more < xyz.txt
44.5 ls > dirsave | more

45. Q. How do you estimate file space usage
A. Use du command (Summarize disk usage of each FILE, recursively for
directories.) Good to use arguments du -hs
(-h, –human-readable print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)
(-s, –summarize display only a total for each argument)

46. Q. How can you see all mounted drives
A. mount -l

47. Q. How can you find a path to the file in the system
A. locate file_name (locate – list files in databases that match a pattern)

48. Q. What Linux HotKeys do you know
A. Ctrl-Alt-F1 Exit to command prompt
Ctrl-Alt-F7 or F8 Takes you back to KDE desktop from command prompt
Crtl-Alt-Backspace Restart XWindows
Ctrl-Alt-D Show desktop

49. Q. What can you tell about the tar Command
A. The tar program is an immensely useful archiving utility. It can combine
an entire directory tree into one large file suitable for transferring or
compression.

50. Q. What types of files you know
A. Files come in eight flavors:
Normal files
Directories
Hard links
Symbolic links
Sockets
Named pipes
Character devices
Block devices

51. Q. How to copy files from on PC to another on the same network
A. Use the following command:scp yur_file you_login@your_IP
example: copy .conf file from your PC to alex computer-
scp /etc/X11/xorg.conf alex@10.0.10.169:

52. Q. Please describe information below: