我们知道,传统的C语言是不能像C++(www.cppentry.com)那样支持变长数组的,也就是说数组的长度是在编译期就确定下来的,不能在运行期改变。C99标准定义的C语言新特性,新增的一项功能可以允许在C语言中使用变长数组。
C99 gives C programmers the ability to use variable length arrays, which are arrays whose sizes are not known until run time. A variable length array declaration is like a fixed array declaration except that the array size is specified by a non-constant expression. When the declaration is encountered, the size expression is evaluated and the array is created with the indicated length, which must be a positive integer. Once created, variable length array cannot change in length. Elements in the array can be accessed up to the allocated length; accessing elements beyond that length results in undefined behavior. There is no check required for such out-of-range accesses. The array is destroyed when the block containing the declaration completes. Each time the block is started, a new array is allocated.
以上就是C99标准对C语言变长数组的说明。
C语变长数组,测试所用的源代码很简单,如下所示:
1.//文件名:dynarray.c
2.//编译环境: bloodshed dev-c/c++ 4.9
3.#include <stdio.h>
4.#define bzero(b,len) (memset((b), '/0', (len)), (void) 0)
5.
6.
7.int main(int argc, char *argv[])
8.{
9.
10. int i, n;
11.
12. n = atoi(argv );
13.
14. char arr[n+1];
15.
16. bzero(arr, (n+1) * sizeof(char));
17.
18.
19. for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
20.
21. arr[i] = (char)('A' + i);
22.
23. }
24.
25. arr[n] = '/0';
26.
27. printf("%s/n", arr);
28.
29.
30. getchar();
31. return (0);
32.
33.
34. }
上述程序名为dynarray.c,其工作是把参数argv 的值n加上1作为变长数组arr的长度,变长数组arr的类型为char.然后向数组中写入一些字符,并将写入的字符串输出。
在支持c99标准的IDE上编译后, 在命令提示符下,运行:
c:/c99_test/dynarray.exe 6
将输出:
ABCDEF