Redolog file丢失:(下面的这些语句一定要在sqlplus中执行,不是在rman中执行)
 (sqlplus/nolog)
1.shutdown immediate;
2.startup mount;
3.recover database until cancel;(media recovery)
4.alter database resetlogs;

数据文件丢失(在rman中执行sql语句，在sql后面用双引号括起来):
1. sql "alter database datafile 3 offline";
2. restore datafile 3
3. recover datafile 3
4. sql "alter database datafile 3 online";

表空间丢失:
1. sql "alter tablespace users offline";//如果文件不存在，则用 sql "alter tablespace users offline immeidate";
2. restore tablespace users;
3. recover tablespace users; //与online redolog file 信息一致
4. sql "alter tablespace users online";

非catalog方式完全恢复

数据库出现问题:

1.startup nomount;
2.restore controlfile from autobackup;
3.alter database mount;
4.restore database;
5.recover database;
6.alter database open resetlogs;

模拟操作:
oracle ora10g> rm *;
oracle ora10g> ls;
oracle ora10g>  //数据文件，控制文件全部删除

oracle ora10g> rman target /; //因为controlfile 丢失，不能够连接到rman
oracle ora10g> sqlplus /nolog;
oracle ora10g> connect / as sysdba;
oracle ora10g> shutdown abort;
oracle ora10g> rman target /

rman> startup nomount;
rman> restore controlfile from autabackup;
rman> alter database mount;
rman> restore database;
rman> recover database; //online redolog 不存在

SQL>recover database until cancel; //当redo log丢失，数据库在缺省的方式下，是不容许进行recover操作的,那么如何在这种情况下操作呢
SQL>create pfile from spfile;

vi /u01/product/10.20/dbs/initora10g.ora，在这个文件的最后一行添加
*.allow_resetlogs_corruption='TRUE'; //容许resetlog corruption

 
SQL>shutdown immediate;
SQL>startup pfile='/u01/product/10.20/dbs/initora10g.ora' mount;
SQL>alter database open resetlogs;

 基于时间点的恢复:
 run{
  set until time "to_date(07/01/02 15:00:00','mm/dd/yy hh24:mi:ss')";
  restore database;
  recover database;
  alter database open resetlogs;
}

ALTER SESSION SET NLS_DATE_FORMAT='YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS';
1.startup mount;
2.restore database until time "to_date('2009-7-19 13:19:00','YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS')";
3.recover database until time "to_date('2009-7-19 13:19:00','YYYY-MM-DD HH24:MI:SS')";
4.alter database open resetlogs;

如果有open resetlogs,都是不完整恢复.

基于 SCN的恢复:
1.startup mount;
2.restore database until scn 10000;
3.recover database until scn 10000;
4.alter database open resetlogs;

基于日志序列的恢复:
1.startup mount;
2.restore database until SEQUENCE 100 thread 1; //100是日志序列
3.recover database until SEQUENCE 100 thread 1;
4.alter database open resetlogs;

日志序列查看命令： SQL>select * from v$log;其中有一个sequence字段.resetlogs就会把sequence 置为1

=================================RMAN catalog模式下的备份与恢复=====================

1.创建Catalog所需要的表空间
SQL>create tablespace rman_ts size datafile '/u01/oracle/oradata/ora10g/rmants.dbf' 20M;
 

2.创建RMAN用户并授权
SQL>create user rman identified by rman default tablespace rman_ts quota unlimited on rman_ts;
SQL>grant recovery_catalog_owner to rman;(grant connect to rman)

 
查看角色所拥有的权限: select * from dba_sys_privs where grantee='RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER';
(RECOVER_CATALOG_OWNER,CONNECT,RESOURCE)

3.创建恢复目录
oracle>rman catalog rman/rman
RMAN>create catalog tablespace rman_ts;
RMAN>register database;(database是target database)