|
Entry.objects.extra(where=['headline=%s'], params=['Lennon'])
Entry.objects.extra(where=["foo='a' OR bar = 'a'", "baz = 'a'"])
Entry.objects.extra(select={'new_id': "select id from tb where id > %s"}, select_params=(1,), order_by=['-nid'])
def reverse(self):
# 倒序
models.UserInfo.objects.all().order_by('-nid').reverse()
# 注：如果存在order_by，reverse则是倒序，如果多个排序则一一倒序
def defer(self, *fields):
models.UserInfo.objects.defer('username','id')
或
models.UserInfo.objects.filter(...).defer('username','id')
#映射中排除某列数据
def only(self, *fields):
#仅取某个表中的数据
models.UserInfo.objects.only('username','id')
或
models.UserInfo.objects.filter(...).only('username','id')
def using(self, alias):
指定使用的数据库，参数为别名（setting中的设置）
##################################################
# PUBLIC METHODS THAT RETURN A QUERYSET SUBCLASS #
##################################################
def raw(self, raw_query, params=None, translations=None, using=None):
# 执行原生SQL
models.UserInfo.objects.raw('select * from userinfo')
# 如果SQL是其他表时，必须将名字设置为当前UserInfo对象的主键列名
models.UserInfo.objects.raw('select id as nid from 其他表')
# 为原生SQL设置参数
models.UserInfo.objects.raw('select id as nid from userinfo where nid>%s', params=[12,])
# 将获取的到列名转换为指定列名
name_map = {'first': 'first_name', 'last': 'last_name', 'bd': 'birth_date', 'pk': 'id'}
Person.objects.raw('SELECT * FROM some_other_table', translations=name_map)
# 指定数据库
models.UserInfo.objects.raw('select * from userinfo', using="default")
################### 原生SQL ###################
from django.db import connection, connections
cursor = connection.cursor() # cursor = connections['default'].cursor()
cursor.execute("""SELECT * from auth_user where id = %s""", [1])
row = cursor.fetchone() # fetchall()/fetchmany(..)
def values(self, *fields):
# 获取每行数据为字典格式
def values_list(self, *fields, **kwargs):
# 获取每行数据为元祖
def dates(self, field_name, kind, order='ASC'):
# 根据时间进行某一部分进行去重查找并截取指定内容
# kind只能是："year"（年）, "month"（年-月）, "day"（年-月-日）
# order只能是："ASC" "DESC"
# 并获取转换后的时间
- year : 年-01-01
- month: 年-月-01
- day : 年-月-日
models.DatePlus.objects.dates('ctime','day','DESC')
def datetimes(self, field_name, kind, order='ASC', tzinfo=None):
# 根据时间进行某一部分进行去重查找并截取指定内容，将时间转换为指定时区时间
# kind只能是 "year", "month", "day", "hour", "minute", "second"
# order只能是："ASC" "DESC"
# tzinfo时区对象
models.DDD.objects.datetimes('ctime','hour',tzinfo=pytz.UTC)
models.DDD.objects.datetimes('ctime','hour',tzinfo=pytz.timezone('Asia/Shanghai'))
"""
pip3 install pytz
import pytz
pytz.all_timezones
pytz.timezone(‘Asia/Shanghai’)
"""
def none(self):
# 空QuerySet对象
####################################
# METHODS THAT DO DATABASE QUERIES #
####################################
def aggregate(self, *args, **kwargs):
# 聚合函数，获取字典类型聚合结果
from django.db.models import Count, Avg, Max, Min, Sum
result = models.UserInfo.objects.aggregate(k=Count('u_id', distinct=True), n=Count('nid'))
===> {'k': 3, 'n': 4}
def count(self):
# 获取个数
def get(se |