When hierarchical routing is used, the routers are divided into what we will call regions, with each router knowing all the details about how to route packets to destinations within its own region, but knowing nothing about the internal structure of other regions.

It is a problem that can ruin TCP performance. This problem occurs when data are passed to the sending TCP entity in large blocks, but an interactive application on the receiving side reads 1 byte at a time.

The most common two letter combinations are called as digrams. e.g. th, in, er, re and an. The most common three letter combinations are called as trigrams. e.g. the, ing, and, and ion.

IDEA stands for International Data Encryption Algorithm.

Wide-mouth frog is the simplest known key distribution center (KDC) authentication protocol.

It is a system that performs a protocol translation between different electronic mail delivery protocols.

It is any routing protocol used within an autonomous system.

It is the protocol the routers in neighboring autonomous systems use to identify the set of networks that can be reached within or via each autonomous system.

It is a collection of routers under the control of a single administrative authority and that uses a common Interior Gateway Protocol.

It is a protocol used to advertise the set of networks that can be reached with in an autonomous system. BGP enables this information to be shared with the autonomous system. This is newer than EGP (Exterior Gateway Protocol).

It is a protocol formerly used to exchange routing information between Internet core routers.

It is a set of rules defining a very simple virtual terminal interaction. The NVT is used in the start of a Telnet session.

It is a host that has a multiple network interfaces and that requires multiple IP addresses is called as a Multi-homed Host.

It is an authentication service developed at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. Kerberos uses encryption to prevent intruders from discovering passwords and gaining unauthorized access to files.

It is an Internet routing protocol that scales well, can route traffic along multiple paths, and uses knowledge of an Internet’s topology to make accurate routing decisions.

It is using a router to answer ARP requests. This will be done when the originating host believes that a destination is local, when in fact is lies beyond router.

It is a very simple protocol used for transmission of IP datagrams across a serial line.

It is a simple protocol used to exchange information between the routers.

It is a sequence of IP addresses identifying the route a datagram must follow. A source route may optionally be included in an IP datagram header.